-4d90550d17f4602e089-2265 20220516043827442 beie:beie director@blueeyesintelligence.org WEB-FORM International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) IJRTE 22773878 10.35940/ijrte.2277-3878 https://www.ijrte.org/ 11 30 2019 8 4 Universiti Kuala Lumpur, British Malaysian Institute, 53100 Gombak Selangor, Malaysia Nurul Najwa Anuar* M. Reyasudin Basir Khan Universiti Kuala Lumpur, British Malaysian Institute, 53100 Gombak Selangor, Malaysia Aizat Faiz Ramli Universiti Kuala Lumpur, British Malaysian Institute, 53100 Gombak Selangor, Malaysia Jagadeesh Pasupuleti College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia Hydropower scheme would experience issue relating to high flooding especially at low lying area due to extreme raining season. To mitigate the potential risk of flooding and improve the hydroelectric regulation, a flow prediction is needed to estimate the discharge of water flow at hydroelectric reservoirs. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model were used in this research to forecast the water discharge of hydroelectric station. The discharge flow predictions were made based on fore bay elevation, inflow and the discharge of water flow. Elman Neural Network architecture was selected as ANN method and its performance was evaluated by considering the number of hidden nodes and training methods. ANN model performance were assessed using performance metrics such as Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Square Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Sum Square Error (SSE). The result indicate that ANN model showed the best applicability for discharge prediction with small performance metric. 11 30 2019 6177 6181 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.D5134.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/D5134118419/ College of Graduate Studies, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia N T L See* M Z Baharuddin Electrical Electronics Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia Y C Hou Institute of Informatics and Computing in Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia K S M Sahari Institute of Informatics and Computing in Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia In this paper, a complete description of the design process for a four-legged locomotion robot or also known as quadrupedal robot will be presented. The quadrupedal robot is purposely designed as the Messenger Robot 2 (MR2) to participate in Robocon 2019. To overcome the challenges in Robocon 2019, each leg of the quadrupedal robot is designed with five joints integrated with a compression spring at the foot for suspension. The quadrupedal robot consists of a total sixteen standard servomotors where groups of four servos actuate leg joints of the quadrupedal robot. Furthermore, there are an additional three servomotors, where one servomotor is a joint at each front leg to allow the robot to rotate its orientation, and the last servo for an extension mechanism system. Finally, the simulation and experimental results demonstrated that the quadrupedal robot achieves a stable walking motion with the fastest locomotion of two legs contacting the ground at half walking cycle. In the future, the legged mechanism of the quadrupedal robot will be further improved and optimized toward the generalization of the dynamic legged locomotion in other challenging terrains. 11 30 2019 6182 6187 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.D5135.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/D5135118419/ College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. A R Fadhilah M Y Yuzainee College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. Globalization and social media have made the world far more reachable than ever before. The changes have to be prepared on the technological, demographic, social, environmental, economic and political matters. This includes our educational structures. Thus, the questionnaires in the tracer survey prepared by the Ministry of Higher Education are carried out to get the perceptions and opinions of every graduating student on their experiences while they were studying in the institution. The purpose is to obtain the views and experiences on the program, facilities and services provided during the study in the institution. The feedback from graduates is important to bring any necessary changes to the strategic planning of the institution. Correlation and regression analysis are performed to determine the relationship between the components related to graduates’ experiences while studying in Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), the effectiveness of study programs and graduates’ perception of the institution’s reputation. The results revealed by the stepwise regression analysis that the stronger degree of the significance in terms of the contributing predictor for the graduates’ perception of UNITEN’s reputation starts with the effectiveness of the study program, facilities, assessment system, teaching staff, curriculum and lastly with the knowledge and skills. 11 30 2019 6188 6194 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.D5136.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/D5136118419/ College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia N F Kadir* A Manap College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia M Satgunam College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia N Afandi College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia S Mahalingam Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia S M Yunus Materials Engineering & Testing Group, TNB Research Sdn Bhd, No 1 Lorong Ayer Itam Kawasan Institusi Penyelidikan,43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia In this study the intermetallic-matrix composite powders CoNiCrAlY-2wt. %Al2O3 were characterized in order to investigate the effect of heat exposure time on morphologies, grain growth and phases formed by facile suspension route synthesis. The as-synthesized powders were examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The formation of NiAl phase was noticed after 1 hour of heat treatment. The average particle size of intermetallic-matrix composite powders CoNiCrAlY-2wt.%Al2O3 increased as the heat exposure time increased. It is found that the reinforcement of alumina allowed the particles to uniformly distributed when the sample was heated for 10 hours. The formation of NiAl started when the sample was heated at 1 hour and NiAl continued to form when heated at 10 hours. 11 30 2019 6195 6197 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.D5137.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/D5137118419/ Sustainable Technology and Environment Group, Institute of Energy Infrastructure, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia, N S M Noh* L M Sidek Sustainable Technology and Environment Group, Institute of Energy Infrastructure, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia; Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Selangor, Malaysia A Wayayok Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia A F Abdullah Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia H Basri Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Selangor, Malaysia S A Farhan ZHL Engineers Sdn.Bhd, No 16A, 1st Floor, Jalan Diplomatik 2/1, Precint 15 62050 Putrajaya T Sulaiman Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Jalan Sultan Salahuddin, 50626 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A B Md Ariffin Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Jalan Sultan Salahuddin, 50626 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. For many years, lands in Cameron Highland have been opened and leveled for agricultural farming and intensive crop production. Land-disturbing activities such as agricultural operations that are conducted on regions with steep slopes leads to a high potential of soil erosion, sedimentation and landslide occurrences. As a results, this phenomenon producing large amounts of sediment transported and deposited to the receiving waters or reservoirs. The development of best management practices (BMPs) for agricultural activities is an important step towards minimizing the amount of soil erosion and landslide incidents in Cameron Highlands. Therefore, this Erosion and Sediment Control Guideline for Agricultural Activities in Hilly Area aims to minimize erosion and sedimentation from the agricultural area in Cameron Highlands especially in the scope of reservoir sedimentation management. There numbers of steps taken in order to establish this guidelines. The first step is to define the scope with the purpose of the guideline and conduct a literature review. In order to assess the quality and feasibility of the study to formulate the frameworks, engagement with stakeholders was conducted. Lastly is to undergo review and update based on the recommendations by related stakeholders. Finally, before the establishment of guidelines, all recommendations by related stakeholders are take in account that consists of Best Management Practices components which will be applied in the agricultural area to mitigate issues and problems especially in erosion control and reservoir sedimentation management. The Erosion Control Measures are including agronomic measures, soil management, mechanical methods and Rainwater Harvesting Techniques. Subsequently, these measures are used to apply in open or sheltered farming to control the erosion and sedimentation issues based on the erosion risk level. As a conclusion, this guideline will be useful for the stakeholders especially to local community, dam owners and local authority to mitigate and solve the issues related to erosion and sedimentation in hilly agricultural area. 11 30 2019 6198 6205 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.D5138.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/D5138118419/ Sustainable Technology & Environment Group, Institute for Energy Infrastructure, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. N A Ishak* L M Sidek Sustainable Technology & Environment Group, Institute for Energy Infrastructure, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia; Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. A Wayayok Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia A F Abdullah Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia S H Haron Sustainable Technology & Environment Group, Institute for Energy Infrastructure, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia; Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. S A Farhan ZHL Engineers Sdn. Bhd., 62502 Putrajaya, Wilayah Persekutuan Putrajaya T Sulaiman Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Ministry of Water, Land and Natural Resources, Jalan Sultan Salahuddin, 50656 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia A B Md Ariffin Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Ministry of Water, Land and Natural Resources, Jalan Sultan Salahuddin, 50656 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia H Basri Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. The slope failure risk assessment of a particular area can be prepared by considering the data available. Many attempts have been made to classify the risk where evaluations are made in rating or in grading the slopes based on their characteristics and erosion problems. The assessments were done for geo-hazard such as erosion and landslide recognized in planning and guidance. Most of the hazard risk analyses require detailed knowledge of the geo- environmental predisposition factors and initial events that led to failure. The results of these analyses consist of identification and mapping of all erosion induced landslide phenomenon and are often translated in the form of maps, which is the fundamental step of the hazard assessment. The ranking of susceptibility areas and the delineation of probable failure areas are among essential features relevant to the production of these maps. In this study, Landslide Susceptibility Modelling was developed by taking into consideration all the landslide susceptibility factors in Cameron Highlands. The landslide susceptibility map was produced based on the historical records of a landslide in that area for 20 years and the frequency ratio model was developed using map-overlaying techniques. The susceptibility map offers substantial benefits as a regional-scale tool over earlier susceptibility maps and Cameron Highland landslide- susceptible terrain zoning. The susceptibility map has the advantage of assisting with the implementation of suitable efforts to prevent landslides. 11 30 2019 6206 6212 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.D5139.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/D5139118419/ Sustainable Technology & Environment Group, Institute for Energy Infrastructure, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Selangor, Malaysia. N. F. M. Said* M. Marufuzzaman Sustainable Technology & Environment Group, Institute for Energy Infrastructure, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Selangor, Malaysia. L. M. Sidek Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Selangor, Malaysia. H Basri Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Selangor, Malaysia. N. A. M. Noor Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang, Lintasan Semarak, 26400 Jengka Pahang A. H. M. Puad ZHL Engineers Sdn. Bhd., Jalan Diplomatik 2/1, Precinct 15, 62050 Putrajaya T. Sulaiman Jalan Sultan Salahuddin, Kuala Lumpur, 50480 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur Public Outreach Program is performed in Cameron Highlands with the goals of sharing and disseminating ongoing information and future infrastructural works, as well as encouraging the public to take responsibility in controlling erosion and sediment issues and protecting the environment. Total 150 contributors had been concerned in this program consisting of 50 personnel from related agencies and 100 members from the community. These contributors had been policymakers, resource managers, students, individuals of the public and specialists. This paper has explained the process and strategies involved along the process of Public Outreach Program. The finding and information obtained through this program are believed can contribute towards the better management practices in the future. 01 30 2019 6213 6117 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.D5140.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/D5140118419/ Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. Salmia Beddu* Zakaria Che Muda Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia Daud Mohamad Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia Agusril Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia S N Sadon Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia M Hanafi Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia Sivakumar Naganathan Department of Civil Engineering, S.S.N College of Engineering, Old Mahabalipuram Road, Kalayakkam –603110 (Off Chennai) Fadzli Mohamed Nazri School Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. This paper study the effectiveness of waste material from industrial by-product as lightweight self-cured concrete. Waste material involved in this study is coal bottom ash, oil palm boiler clinker and hydrogel from diapers. Coal bottom ash (CBA) used as a fine aggregate replacement whilst oil palm clinker (OPBC) added into the concrete mixture as partial replacement of coarse aggregate in order to produce lightweight concrete. In addition, hydrogel from disposable diapers was acted as self-curing agent. Different percentage of CBA as the fine aggregate replacement in concrete was used with the constant value of OPBC as coarse aggregate replacement. The result shows that the concrete sample containing 100% replacement of CBA has the lightest density as compared to other samples. In terms of compressive strength, the sample containing 40% replacement of CBA has similar compressive strength to control sample with reduction of the density of 22% when compared to the control sample. It is concluded that the recycling of CBA and OPBC as replacement material in lightweight concrete has good potential and also processing of CBA and OPBC to develop nano-material are the future potential of CBA and OPBC research for energy efficiency building. 11 30 2019 1041 1044 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.D5141.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/D5141118419/ Nuclear Engineering and Energy Group, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Kajang-Puchong, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia Zaahidah Atiqah Mohiju* Nasri A. Hamid Nuclear Engineering and Energy Group, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Kajang-Puchong, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. Yusof Abdullah Materials Technology Group, Industrial Technology Division, Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia The synthesis of (Bi1-xPbx)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O8+σ (x=0 and 0.4) bulk samples (hereafter called as Bi-2223) were completed by using solid-state reaction method. The Bi-2223 samples were subjected to calcination for 24 hours at 840°C, Then, the pelletized powder for both samples were sintered at 865°C for 48 hours. Each sample was exposed to high energy electron irradiation with a dosage of 100 kGray. Structural examination was conducted by using the Bruker D8-Advanced X-ray powder Diffraction (XRD). According to Bi-2223 indexed phase structure, the XRD patterns obtained shows that the samples, both Bi-2223 (x=0 and x=0.4) samples showed well-defined peaks and phase structure remains unchanged after the sample being exposed to the electron source. Measurement of the critical temperature, TC were obtained by using AC susceptibility technique and four-point probe. Bi/Pb (x=0.4) sample showed significant TC value compared to Bi/Pb (x=0) sample. Grain alignment in SEM micrographs show enhancement in their grain connectivity and also layering texture in irradiated sample which might lead to has better superconducting properties. In contrast, the impact of electron irradiation on its microstructure and consequently the TC was destructive in the Bi/Pb (x=0) sample. 11 30 2019 151 154 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.D5142.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/D5142118419/ College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (@The National Energy University), Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia C. Doroody* H. N. Rosly College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (@The National Energy University), Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia M. N. Harif College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (@The National Energy University), Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia K. S. Rahman Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (@the National Energy University), Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia Y. Yusoff Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (@the National Energy University), Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia S. Fazlili Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (@the National Energy University), Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia S. K. Tiong Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (@the National Energy University), Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia N. Amin Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (@the National Energy University), Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia M. A. Matin Renewable Energy Laboratory, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology, Chittagong 4349, Bangladesh In this study, numerical simulation has been executed using Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS-1D) to study the prospect of favourable efficiency and stable CdS/CdTe cell in various cell configurations. A basic structure of CdS/CdTe cell is studied with 4 μm CdTe as absorber layer, 100 nm tin oxide (SnO2) as front contact and 25 nm cadmium sulfides (CdS) as buffer layer. Four back surface fields (BSF) layers namely ZnTe, ZnTe: Cu, Cu2Te and MoTe2 are investigated to reduce the minority carrier recombination at back contact. The cell structure of glass/SnO2/CdS/CdTe/MoTe2 has shown a nearly ohmic contact with CdTe with the highest efficiency of 17.02% (Voc=0.91 V, Jsc=24.79 mA/cm2, FF=75.41). Simulation results have verified that MoTe2 as BSF layer is appropriate for an efficient CdS/CdTe cell. Moreover, it is found that a few nanometres (about 40 nm) of BSF layer are enough to achieve high efficiency. For MoTe2 layer, more than 17% efficiency has been achieved compared to other BSF layers. 11 30 2019 6218 6222 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.D5143.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/D5143118419/ Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia K. Sopian* Ali H. A. Alwaeli Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia Hussein A. Kazem Sohar University, PO Box 44, Sohar PCI 311, Oman. Advanced concepts of hybrid photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) collectors are proposed to improve electrical efficiency and utilize the waste heat as thermal energy. The use of air, water, and combinations of the two are considered traditional techniques. The complexity is raised when using advanced state-of-the-art systems to improve the overall efficiency of PV/T such as employing nanofluids, nano-Phase Change Material (PCM), heat pump and jet impingement. This paper presents a review of novel designs which are proposed in the literature to enhance the performance of PV/T collectors and from it the evaluation criteria is derived. The comparison between different designs could be based on having same pumping power, size, or designs; depending on the element intended for the comparison. The designs also vary according to the bias assigned; whether to improve electrical performance more, or thermal performance. The common aspects observed in the literature are investigations of mass flow rate, impact of solar irradiance, and design parameters such as pipe material, configuration and diameters. 11 30 2019 6223 6229 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.D5144.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/D5144118419/ College of Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. M Salmani* J Pasupuleti College of Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. V K Ramachandaramurthy Institute of Power Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. Micro grid (MG) has become popular due to its ability to disconnect from utility grid during disturbance and operate autonomously. MG typically consists of three main parts, which are Distributed Energy Resource (DER), Energy Storage System (ESS) and load. MG has several benefits and one of them is to enhance the power system reliability and flexibility by balancing the supply and demand. The scarcity of fossil fuel and environmental concern has contributed to the growth of Renewable Energy Source (RES), which is one of the main elements in MG. However, the RES integration into MG has led to multiple uncertainties due to their inherent intermittency. Therefore, optimal strategies are essential to be employed in MG to manage and control the dynamic uncertainty introduced by the renewable-based DER and variable loads. In this paper, a comprehensive review is presented on the optimal allocation of the multiple DER in MG. various optimization methods are also investigated to solve the problems in MG. Furthermore, advantages and drawbacks of each optimization method are also reported. 11 30 2019 6230 6235 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.D5145.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/D5145118419/ College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia N Abd Malek K K Kumarasan College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia Carbon footprint is the amount of a greenhouse gas (GHG) produced as a result of human activities, usually expressed in equivalent kilograms of carbon dioxide (CO2). As the amount of greenhouse gases emission increases, the global temperature increases. In the context of a global awareness of the climate change, carbon footprint has recently become extensively calculated and ways to reduce it are proposed. The purpose of this research is to calculate the amount of carbon footprint discharged by students in College of Engineering (COE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN). From this research a model to calculate the carbon dioxide emission released from the activities done by the COE students particularly, is developed. Literature reviews are done leading to an explanation of what emission categories should be presented in a CO2 calculation for a university. This includes emission sources in each buildings, activities and services in COE particularly. Conducting survey is one of the methods to get the data from the students and staffs directly. From this data, the calculation is done and tabulated in the Excel template. From this template model, the carbon footprint for each or total students of COE can be known. Referring to this data, CO2 reduction strategy in COE particularly and UNITEN generally can be proposed. 11 30 2019 6236 6239 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.D5146.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/D5146118419/ College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia Farah Zaheeda Kamarudin* Khairul Salleh Mohamed Sahari College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia Nora Yusma Mohamed Yusop College of Energy Economics & Social Sciences, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia There are various types of Renewable Energy (RE) that has been studied by many researchers in order to find a cost-effective energy generation in reducing the non-renewable energy source. In this study, the solar energy was suggested in order to apply the Net Energy Metering (NEM) scheme that has been introduced effective on 1st January 2019, by Malaysian government in achieving 20% national RE target in electricity power mix, reducing the dependency on imported fossil fuels. Based on the data and results, the suitable size of solar panel for a house can be determined based on the daily electricity usage. The findings show that the system size and the cost itself also depends on the estimated amount solar generated set by the consumer. 11 30 2019 6240 6243 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.D5147.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/D5147118419/ College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. Z M Khurshid* N F Ab Aziz College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. M Z A Ab Kadir College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. Z A Rhazali College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. Geo magnetically induced currents (GICs) can cause saturation of the magnetic core of transformers in a power system. This saturation can conduce to generating harmonic currents, voltage-control problems and overheating of the transformer internal components, leading to gas relay alarm/operation and possible damage. In this work, GICs effects have been analyzed on hybrid PV-wind system transformers. The system implemented through using Power System Computer Aided Design (PSCAD/EMTDC) platform and made up of 2.1 MW wind farm, 2 MW solar photovoltaic (PV) farm, power storage system and load. Then the system is integrated with 33 kV grids through a 480V AC bus and step-up wye/delta transformer. In addition, Pi-section has been used between different parts of the system. The GIC is modeled as a controlled DC voltage source and inserted into the system through a neutral point of a wind turbine (WT) transformer. The simulation results of reactive power, voltage and current waveforms, and non-linear behavior due to asymmetric saturation of the magnetic core in the transformer due to 100 A GIC current injections are obtained. Moreover, different GIC blocking devices have been applied to mitigate or eliminate the flow of GIC to the system. 11 30 2019 6402 6408 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.D5148.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/D5148118419/ Institute of Power Engineering (IPE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia Engineering Faculty, Politeknik Kota Kinabalu, Jalan Politeknik, KKIP Barat, Kota Kinabalu Industrial Park, 88460, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah A Abd. Rahman M Izadi Institute of Power Engineering (IPE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia; Electrical Department, Islamic Azad University, Firoozkooh Branch, Froozkooh, Iran M Z A Ab. Kadir Institute of Power Engineering (IPE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia; Centre for Electromagnetic and Lightning Protection Research (CELP),Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM 43400, Serdang, Malaysia M Osman Institute of Power Engineering (IPE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. This paper presents a study on the voltage and electric fields behaviours of a 10kV polymer insulator with moss deposited under dry (air) condition. The aim of this study is considering on the electrical behaviour of insulator by having a surface layer of moss on it that can change the withstand voltage of insulators. It should be mentioned that these moss layers are commonly crated in the jungles especially in the tropical countries. To study on the above mentioned case, simulations were carried out using ANSYS High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS). The simulation insulator modelling includes the computerized evaluation of voltage and electric field distribution at three different locations for both clean and moss contaminated insulators. Noted that the electric field and also voltage profiles at different parts of insulators has been determined using applied simulated model. The moss contamination polymer insulator displayed a discontinuous distribution of the electric field compared to the clean insulator and their voltage distribution decreased with distances from the source. The results indicated that electric field along the insulator surface were greatly affected by hydrophobicity characteristic of the polymer. Therefore, the surrounding air of the moss contaminated insulator was prone to initiate a flashover. This study can be helpful for designing the distribution lines especially in high risk areas to set a proper design from the point of view of insulation coordination. 11 30 2019 6409 6414 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.D5149.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/D5149118419/ Institute of Informatics and Computing in Energy (IICE), Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. F S Samidi M H M Haqeem Institute of Informatics and Computing in Energy (IICE), Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. N A M Radzi Institute of Informatics and Computing in Energy (IICE), Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. F Abdullah Institute of Informatics and Computing in Energy (IICE), Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. A Ismail Institute of Informatics and Computing in Energy (IICE), Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. M Z Jamaludin Institute of Informatics and Computing in Energy (IICE), Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. Y E Jalil Institute of Informatics and Computing in Energy (IICE), Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. W S H M W Ahmad Institute of Informatics and Computing in Energy (IICE), Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. This paper proposed a programmable wireless router testbed designed using a microcontroller, Raspberry Pi. The proposed router provides a solution to the limitation of off-the-shelf wireless router on its ability to be configured and embedded with new algorithms. The proposed router testbed is designed to have one Header Pi and three Forwarding Pis which act to inject label and forward packet respectively. The evaluation of results is validated with off-the-shelf router. From the setup, it is proven that Raspberry Pi is suitable to be used as a testbed for academic experiment as it has the ability to be reprogrammed. In addition, it has a compact design which eases for laboratories use. Based on the performance evaluation results, both proposed Raspberry Pi router testbed and off-the-shelf router are in line with each other despite the expected differences in terms of throughput, delay and jitter performance. This proves that the designed programmable Raspberry Pi router testbed can be utilized for small-scale hardware experiment purposes rather than software simulation. 11 30 2019 6415 6121 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.D5150.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/D5150118419/ Institute of Energy Infrastructure, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia M Marufuzzaman* L F Rahman Institute for Environment and Development, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia. M B I Reaz Department of Electrical, Electronics and Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia. L Alam Institute for Environment and Development, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia. L M Sidek Institute of Energy Infrastructure, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia Reducing power dissipation of any circuit can make that circuit more energy-efficient and at the same time promise stability. Recent researchers mainly focus on controlling and monitoring low power designs for different low power applications, wireless systems such as radio frequency identification (RFID) transponder. Therefore, generating an internal reference voltage (VR) for the power management unit is the key challenges for researchers to design such applications. Bandgap reference (BGR) is an essential module that assures temperature and independent VR supply in analog circuits. In this research, an improved BGR is designed with the self-startup circuit, bandgap core and an operational amplifier (OP-AMP) to generate a stable VR. A low-power BGR is simulated using Silterra 130 nm CMOS technology. The designed BGR generates a VR of 1.1 V and consumes only 1.4 μA power form 1.2 V power supply voltage. Moreover, it has a temperature coefficient of 41.6 ppm/℃. 11 30 2019 6422 6426 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.D5151.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/D5151118419/ College of Energy Economics and Social Sciences, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia Husni Mohd Radzi* Pui Yee Chong College of Energy Economics and Social Sciences, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia Nik Nadian Nisa Nik Nazli College of Energy Economics and Social Sciences, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia In supporting United Nation Sustainable Development Goal (SDG), the government of Malaysia has implemented policy and initiative to improve energy efficiency. In spite of these initiates, the electricity consumption has increased yearly as reported by Malaysia Energy Commission (MEC). Hence, this study aims to (1) investigate factor on awareness in energy consumption and efficiency of residential users and their motivation to change their consumption behavior, and (2) examine the relationship between satisfaction of residential users as the moderating factor to their motivation to change user consumption behavior. A total of 400 residential energy users have participated in the survey and data was analyzed using Smart PLS. Results indicated that consumer awareness of monthly electrical bill and satisfaction towards energy efficient product has positive effect on consumer motivation about current energy issue. This may indicate that the increase in monthly electricity bill has an effect on consumer awareness on their electrical consumption. In addition, consumer satisfaction towards energy efficient product leads to higher motivation level of users to modify their energy consumption behavior. 11 30 2019 6427 6430 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.D5152.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/D5152118419/ Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia H Mohamad* N Md Razali Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. N A Salim Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. Z M Yasin Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. B N S Rahimullah Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. Power outage is detrimental to the grid system therefore solving the issue within a short amount of time is indeed compulsory. Load restoration is one the solution required in ensuring the load can be connected within short amount of time. This study proposes a methodology to solve the load restoration problem using minimum spanning tree by determining the switching sequence according to the Prim’s algorithm. By using this algorithm, the switching is done based on the most minimum path which refer to the flow of power through the minimal value of weighted impedances. This method ensures that the losses is minimized and the voltage limit is not violated. The load restoration in this study focuses on reconfiguring the tie-lines in the 33-bus radial distribution network. Results obtained shows that Prim’s algorithm is effective in restoring the loads by reconfiguring the network in a way that total active power losses are minimized. This algorithm is also compared with the Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) to prove the effectiveness of this method thus enhancing the power system reliability. 11 30 2019 6432 6436 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.D5153.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/D5153118419/ Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, IIUM Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Department of Electrical Engineering, UniKL-BMI, Batu 8 ¾, Jalan Sungai Pusu, 53100, Gombak, Selangor Zarimin Zaharudin* Ahmad Fairuzabadi Mohd Mansor Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, IIUM Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Ahmad Anwar Zainuddin Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, IIUM Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Ismail Adam Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, IIUM Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Electrical Engineering, UniKL-BMI, Batu 8 ¾, Jalan Sungai Pusu, 53100, Gombak, Selangor Sheroz Khan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, IIUM Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Anis Nurashikin Nordin Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, IIUM Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Faraz Ahmed Shaikh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, IIUM Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Kushsairy Abdul Kader Department of Electrical Engineering, UniKL-BMI, Batu 8 ¾, Jalan Sungai Pusu, 53100, Gombak, Selangor Belal Ahmed Hamida Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, IIUM Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Diabetes has shown to be a chronic disease world over, mainly caused due to reduced physical activity and increased obesity. World health organization statistics show diabetes as a leading cause of disability universally. To avoid extreme medical conditions of subjects, regular monitoring of their glucose levels has been suggested. The most common method that has been in use is the pinprick method for glucose monitoring which carries the risk of contamination as well as irritation. One possible approach called noninvasive technique can be adopted to avoid this major concern. This paper presents designing Inter-Digital-Sensor (IDS) for non-invasive sensing of the glucose level. The sensor-based chip once mounted onto the upper arm or pinkie finger of diabetes subject, is able to sense different glucose levels concentration as impedance plots. A set of several simulation results has been obtained using COMSOL for getting optimized dimensions of the sensor digits. This research has presented the generation of an electric field and intensity by using electrode of known length with element spacing varying from 250μm to 600μm developed over 15mm x 20mm sensor area. An ID of 475μm width spacing with ten (10) digits producing 2.33 pF of capacitance value with impedance resonating at 13 GHz of frequency is reported in this paper. 11 30 2019 6437 6441 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.D5154.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/D5154118419/ College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia Saidatul Hamidah Abd Hamid* Goh Chin Hock College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. Nayla Ferdous College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. In this paper, simulation and optimization analysis on circular patch antenna for 2.4GHz is presented. The performance that been specifically focused in this analysis is the improvement of the directivity and gain of the circular patch antenna design. Basically, the objective of this analysis is to compare the circular patch antenna of a single form with 1x2 antenna array formation. These antennas are designed with the proximity feeding technique. From the previous literature and findings, the optimization works of array arrangement have been proven will improve the directivity and gain performances. In this study, the array arrangement with proximity feeding technique of optimization work to improve the directivity and gain of a circular patch antenna has been explored. Comparison of a single and array of micro strip circular patch with proximity feeding technique as the FR-4 is the substrates with permittivity equal to 3.95 is presented. Based on the results, 1x2 array arrangements enhance the directivity and gain output compared to a single form circular patch antenna design. The directivity performance improves 28% and gain has been improved by 47% after optimization. The findings show that the array elements with proximity feeding technique design offer to improve and enhance the directivity and gain performances of an antenna. 11 30 2019 6442 6447 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.D5155.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/D5155118419/ Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology, Sebha University, Libya. Abdoulhdi A. Borhana Omran* Yasir Hassan Ali Northern Technical University, Technical College Mosul, Mosul, Iraq Uma Shankar Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia Fareg Saeid Ali Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Technical Sciences, Bani Walid, Libya Saleh Gareh Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia & College of Engineering Technology - Houn, Malaysia Omar Suliman Zaroog Institute of Power Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Selangor; Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sohar University, Sohar, Oman N. A. Mardhiah Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia Rotating machine such as a small low voltage motor or a power plant generator is an essential asset to the industrial applications. The execution and efficiency of these rotating machines are being reduced due to faulty rotating machinery parts. The faulty parts also generate various forces, thus increases the amplitude of vibration as well as energy consumption. Early fault detection and diagnosis have been widely used with various methods as they were able to reduce accidents and machine breakdowns along with economic losses. This study aims to present the faulty bearings which were seeded in the bearings. The fault size are ranging from 0.007 inches to 0.021 inches in diameter. Among the methods, vibration signal data is one of the champions. In this study, early fault detection was focused on bearing using the time domain technique and the data were analyzed. Particularly, the fault was introduced on the outer raceway at three different positions; orthogonal (3 o’clock), centered (6 o’clock) and opposite (12 o’clock). The MATLAB software was used to determine the time domain parameters, comprising of the standard deviation, Root Mean Square (RMS), skewness and shape factor as the representation of the best reflection of the failure. The time domain parameters for healthy and faulty bearing were plotted and compared in graphical presentation. The result shows all the four parameters have greater value in contrast with the healthy bearing value except for skewness data in the opposite (12 o’clock) position. 11 30 2019 6448 6453 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.D5156.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/D5156118419/ Ministry of Environment, Science, Technology, Environment and Climate Change Level 2, Block C5, Parcel C, Federal Government Administrative Centre, 62662 Putrajaya Y.N. Sang* I.N. Jazari Ministry of Environment, Science, Technology, Environment and Climate Change Level 2, Block C5, Parcel C, Federal Government Administrative Centre, 62662 Putrajaya N.S. Othman College of Business Management and Accounting, Universiti Tenaga Nasional The objective of this study is to identify the crucial factors that will influence the intention to discard single-use plastic in Malaysia. The underlying framework of this research model is based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). This empirical study is using an online questionnaire which is distributed to 364 respondents in Selangor and Federal Territories (Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya). The research hypotheses are tested using linear regression-stepwise technique. The finding from this study revealed that for the case of Malaysia, intention to discard single-use plastic is predominantly influenced by Consumer Knowledge, Environmental Concern, Psychological Benefit, Social Influence and Willingness-to-Pay. Therefore, this paper provides valuable insight with regards to the predictors that influences the intention to discard the single-use plastics usage within the consumers in Malaysia. It offers information for policy makers with collaboration from industry players to look into better solution and appropriate policies intervention in order to embolden the usage of eco-friendly alternatives that could replace single-use plastics in Malaysia. Future study and improvements are proposed to be done to consider other possible predictors and improve the characterization of respondents by extending the survey to a wider coverage within Malaysia. 11 30 2019 6454 6461 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.D5157.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/D5157118419/ Institute of Energy and Infrastructure, Centre for Sustainable Technology and Environment, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. H A Mohiyaden L M Sidek Institute of Energy and Infrastructure, Centre for Sustainable Technology and Environment, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia; College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. G Hayder Institute of Energy and Infrastructure, Centre for Sustainable Technology and Environment, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia; College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. M N Noh Malaysia Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Jalan Sultan Salahuddin, 50480 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia National River Water Plants are located along upper Klang and Gombak river catchment to purify the polluted river using direct contact methods. As the current water quality situation in the study area is poor due to the contribution of anthropogenic activities on the water quality degradation in these urban rivers, the investigation was performed using the Water Quality Index. This paper gives the overall performance of RWTP using Water Quality Index (WQI) calculation methods. The WQI act as the basis of environment assessment towards to river water quality classification under Malaysia National Water Quality Standards. As an overall result, 57 percent from the total effluents achieve target Class II and above and another 43 percent achieve Class III and below regardless of two (2) RWTPs are under target from the average monitoring; RWTP Sg Gisir and RWTP Sg Sentul. However, the result for RWTP Sg Sentul is not yet conclusive since the monitoring duration is less than 2 years. Certainly, RWTP Sg Gisir needs to be taken into consideration for more frequent maintenance of the RWTP or upgrading of the RWTP oxidation tank as suggested in several MBBR/IFAS operation. As to improve the RWTP performance to score higher WQI, the introduction of recycling sludge in the biological tank so it will be a shorter reaction time. Additionally, the RWTP owner should implement a frequent maintenance work into RWTP component especially clarifier, sludge collector, biological oxidation tank and rubbish trap collector. 11 30 2019 6462 6467 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.D5158.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/D5158118419/ Institute of Energy Infrastructure, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia, Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Selangor, Malaysia L M Sidek* A H M Puad ZHL Engineers Sdn Bhd, 62502 Putrajaya, Wilayah Persekutuan Putrajaya, Malaysia Z H Mustaffa Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Jalan Sultan Salahuddin, 50626 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia A Z Ibrahim ZHL Engineers Sdn Bhd, 62502 Putrajaya, Wilayah Persekutuan Putrajaya, Malaysia T Sulaiman Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Jalan Sultan Salahuddin, 50626 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia A B M Ariffin Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Jalan Sultan Salahuddin, 50626 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia H Basri Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Selangor, Malaysia One of the main ecotourism areas in Malaysia is Cameron Highlands and due to illegal farming and uncontrolled logging, the rivers are being polluted. The main problems lie in Cameron Highlands included stormwater management, water quantity and water quality issues, sedimentation problem, mud flood as well as erosion and landslide occurrence. Therefore, this research is generating the stormwater and drainage Master Plan for the Cameron Highlands. The research aims to minimize the flooding impacts due to inadequacies in stormwater and drainage systems in urban areas and agricultural farms and provide a holistic solution which cultivated a specific guideline for agricultural in hilly areas. The recommended stormwater management master plan is focused on providing quantity and quality control system, sedimentation basins and slope protection work. The master plan also takes into consideration non-structural measures such as public awareness programs and law enforcement scheme. Finally, the research shows the Erosion Induced Landslide Risk Maps for Cameron Highlands Catchment for the stakeholders and farmers. This research thus plays a big role in generating the Erosion and Sediment Control Plan (ESCP) guidelines as one of the stormwaters and drainage master plan component in Cameron Highlands for the relevant authority’s agency. 11 30 2019 6468 6473 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.D5159.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/D5159118419/ Institute of Sustainable Energy,Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. M F M A Zamri* A Akhiar Institute of Sustainable Energy,Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. A H Shamsuddin Institute of Sustainable Energy,Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. Todays, the palm oil milling industry (POMI) has been given serious attention due to environmental issues that arise from the milling processes. Greenhouse gas emission, wastewater quality, waste management plan and energy efficiency are the main POMI issues that contribute to the environmental problems. Critically, this issues could bring a serious impact in sustaining Malaysia palm oil industry in current global economic competitiveness. Moreover, the stringent trading standard for palm oil industry has forced the palm oil producer to align and fulfilling the requirements accordingly. In this short article, the overview of POMI system in Malaysia were elaborated. Besides, the strength and weaknesses of the Malaysia POMI system were highlighted in giving understanding of current condition. Furthermore, the challenge and potential in greening POMI system were discussed in ensuring sustainable future of POMI in Malaysia. 11 30 2019 6474 6479 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.D5160.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/D5160118419/ College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia Institute of Sustainable Energy (ISE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia N. F. Afandi* M. Amirul Mustaqim College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. Abreeza Manap College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia; Institute of Sustainable Energy (ISE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia R. Adawiyah Zainuddin Uniten R&D Sdn Bhd, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia N. F. Kadir Uniten R&D Sdn Bhd, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia Calcium Looping Process (CLP) is one of the carbon capturing technology, in which the sorbent material, CaO is absorbing CO2 from flue gases in power plant. However, good sorbent material have been facing several drawbacks such as low generability, and low absorption capacity. Acid treatment can improve the physical properties such as surface area of the sorbent material. This study was aim to synthesize and investigate the effect of acid treatment on the limestone as sorbent material using mixing method in order to maximize the CO2 carrying capacity. The amount of 0 ml, 2 ml, 4 ml, 6 ml, 8 ml and 10 ml of oxalic acid were varied in this study. The result demonstrated that 6 ml of oxalic acid produces highest hardness and high surface area and pore volume size, which favorable to be used as sorbent material in CLP process. 11 30 2019 6380 6483 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.D5161.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/D5161118419/ College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia Institute of Sustainable Energy (ISE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia N. F. Afandi* M. Amirul Mustaqim College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. Abreeza Manap College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia; Institute of Sustainable Energy (ISE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia R. Adawiyah Zainuddin Uniten R&D Sdn Bhd, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia N. F. Kadir Uniten R&D Sdn Bhd, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia Calcium Looping Process (CLP) is one of the carbon capturing technology, in which the sorbent material, CaO is absorbing CO2 from flue gases in power plant. However, good sorbent material have been facing several drawbacks such as low generability, and low absorption capacity. Acid treatment can improve the physical properties such as surface area of the sorbent material. This study was aim to synthesize and investigate the effect of acid treatment on the limestone as sorbent material using mixing method in order to maximize the CO2 carrying capacity. The amount of 0 ml, 2 ml, 4 ml, 6 ml, 8 ml and 10 ml of oxalic acid were varied in this study. The result demonstrated that 6 ml of oxalic acid produces highest hardness and high surface area and pore volume size, which favorable to be used as sorbent material in CLP process. 11 30 2019 6480 6483 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.D5161.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/D5161118419/ Institute of Energy Infrastructure, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. A. Alhayek* A. Syamsir Institute of Energy Infrastructure, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. V. Anggraini School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia Z. C. Muda Institute of Energy Infrastructure, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. N. M. Nor Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Composites are not isotropic like their metal counterparts, e.g. steel and aluminum, as they are made of two distinctive phases known as the matrix and the reinforcing phases. In addition, weight, fiber direction, fiber composition and even the manufacturing process are all critical factors in determining the strength, stiffness and the behaviour of a composite member. All of that create more challenging designing and manufacturing approaches. This paper shows how to model a GFRP cross arm using SOLIDWORKS to create the 3D geometrical model because it has an intuitive and easy to use user interface, and ANSYS to create the numerical model and the analysis for its great and comprehensive capabilities in the finite element analysis. The cross arm was found to be safe against the failure modes of fiber, matrix, in-plane shear, out-of-plane shear and delamination under all load cases which satisfies the ultimate limit state requirements but the concern was on the serviceability limit state which had a deflection of 34 mm. 11 30 2019 1684 1689 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.D5162.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/D5162118419/ College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. M F M Fadli* H Misran College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. S Z Othman College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. A M S Bahari College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. N A Samsudin Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. N Amin Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. S A Rosli School of Material and Mineral Resource Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia Z Lockman School of Material and Mineral Resource Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia A Matsumoto Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, 441-8580 Toyohashi, Japan In this study, copper-based metal-organic framework was successfully synthesized using natural polysaccharide, gum Arabic (gA, Acacia Senegal) as potential organic linker by adopting the synthesis method from Misran et al. with some modifications. The copper-based metal-organic framework (Cu-MOF) was obtained from the combination of copper salt, natural polysaccharide, and terephthalic acid (H2BDC) at various ratio. The synthesis process was done with the addition of triethylamine (TEA) as catalyst. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern exhibited the presence of a prominent peak assigned to (200), (400), (511), (731), (773), and (882) crystal plane almost similar to the octahedral copper-based MOF-199. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) shown an agglomeration and flaky particle. Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry (EDX) shown three main elements exist inside the Cu-MOF which is carbon (C), copper (Cu), and oxygen (O). This study showed the possibility of natural polysaccharide as new, non-toxic, water soluble linker. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) analyses of as-synthesized Cu-MOF exhibited three different weight losses when heated to ca. 600oC. The first mass decrease was due to loss of water content followed by the loss of organic moieties inside the Cu-MOF framework and the last was due to the collapse of MOF’s structure leaving metal oxide as the final residue The Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra suggested strong absorption band at ca. 900 – 1200 cm-1 attributable to C-O bonding, at ca. 1045 cm-1 attributable to C-H bonding originating from gum Arabic, at ca. 1500 – 1600 cm-1 from the organic linker benzene ring, and at ca. 3200 – 3500 cm-1 from hydrogen bonding. These results suggested that natural polysaccharide of gum Arabic exhibited the possibility to become a new, non-toxic, renewable linker for the MOF materials and played a significant role in metal-organic framework formation. 11 30 2019 6490 6498 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.D5163.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/D5163118419/ College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia Wee Wei Joe* M Y Yuzainee College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. Nuratiah Zaini College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. M A Malek College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. An energy system in a country has complex impacts on its economy. A retrenchment of energy supply influences economic activity such as distribution and saving of energy, as well as changes in technology to emphasize energy efficiency. Despite the advantages of hydropower developments in power generation over the past decades, highly controversial issues due to various social and environmental concerns are still debatable. A challenge for hydropower developers and operators, as well as government planners and regulators, is to develop tools that promote good practice and sustainable hydropower projects in energy security. In the future, both the scarcity of water and the cost of energy will likely to become limiting factors for economic and population growth, particularly in Malaysia, where the population is projected to grow dramatically. Various climate change models suggested that clean water supplies may decrease significantly. Therefore, integrated planning between the energy and water sectors will be essential to meet the rising demands of both resources. The purpose of this study is to review and identify the method that can deal with historical data and current practices at the hydropower plants to predict future electricity production due to the predicted water used in hydropower plants at the study areas. Various available methods to forecast water used and the electricity generated in hydropower plants have been identified and discussed in this paper. 11 30 2019 6499 6505 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.D5164.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/D5164118419/ College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia M Y Yuzainee N H Noor Zafira Department of Process and Food Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia J Nurulnadiah Department of Process and Food Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Fresh-cut yam beans are highly perishable and required to be stored in a cold room that is maintained at 5°C and relative humidity of 90%. Nonetheless, the cold storage can be an unnecessarily high energy user if the refrigeration equipment is not selected appropriately to match the actual cooling load. This is not favorable for the fresh-cut processors that are mostly small and medium enterprises (SMEs). In this study, the design of cold storage for the fresh-cut yam bean was presented to comply the necessary requirement by food manufacturing standard. Based on the design, the correct calculation of the cooling load by considering all the possible heat sources was performed. The resulted cooling load was 53239.30 kW with 36% heat load sourced from fresh-cuts, 22% from transmission, 18% from infiltration, and the rest from workers, lighting, ventilation and defrosting. The designated cold storage for 240 kg fresh-cuts has the dimension of 4.9 x 2.5 x 3 m in length, width and height and accommodates adequate space for the workers and necessary equipment as well as features to minimize heat gains. The required refrigeration capacity was 3.33 kW and serve as basis for the selection of refrigeration equipment. 11 30 2019 6506 6513 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.D5165.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/D5165118419/ Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (@ The National Energy University), Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000, Kajang Selangor, Malaysia M. Shakeri* L. L. Theng Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (@ The National Energy University), Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000, Kajang Selangor, Malaysia Md. Rokonuzzaman College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (@ The National Energy University), Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000, Kajang Selangor, Malaysia M. K. Mishu College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (@ The National Energy University), Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000, Kajang Selangor, Malaysia J. Pashupuleti College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (@ The National Energy University), Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000, Kajang Selangor, Malaysia S. K. Tiong Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (@ The National Energy University), Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000, Kajang Selangor, Malaysia N. Amin Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (@ The National Energy University), Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000, Kajang Selangor, Malaysia An emergency road signing system is an important device to prevent road disasters, especially during jeopardize conditions. In this project, it is focused on the shallow depth of water from 10cm to 30cm that can slow down the vehicles or even causes the collision. Arduino UNO microcontroller is utilized to detect the waterlogged and shows the of water depth on the road sign to allow the drivers to make a decision ahead for passing through the waterlogged. Furthermore, ZigBee wireless module is used to interface the sensor and display to increase the movability of the display from the waterlogged location. The system is powered up by the PV panel to support green technology and protect the environment as well. From results, it is found that placing the three signboards before the waterlogged location is more effective for drivers to respond. 11 30 2019 6514 6517 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.D5166.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/D5166118419/ Institute of Power Engineering (IPE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia A. A Zawawi* N F Ab Aziz Institute of Power Engineering (IPE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. M Z A Ab. Kadir Institute of Power Engineering (IPE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. H Hashim Institute of Power Engineering (IPE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia M Izadi Institute of Power Engineering (IPE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia Changing of magnetic fields can cause electrical currents, known as geomagnetic ally induced currents that caused by solar storm. This current can affect power system especially power transformer as it can generate quasi direct current through the neutral of the transformer. Previous studies have shown that the risk is not just limited to high and mid-latitude locations, but extends to power grids at lower geographic latitude as well. This paper presents the simulation of GICs using a single-phase saturable transformer under steady state and operation with GIC in MATLAB SIMULINK. The simulation results illustrate that when transformers are under influence of GIC, magnitude off lux and magnetizing current are increase with in time and distort the core of hysteresis curve. It indicates that GICs generated by solar storms can saturate the transformer, cause other effects such as transformer heating and creating large amount of harmonics. The findings have proven that GIC is a threat to the power transformer and can damage power system network. 11 30 2019 6518 6522 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.D5167.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/D5167118419/ Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia F F Norkhairi* S Thiruchelvam Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia H Hasini Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia K N Mustapha Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia A Ghazali Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia R S Muda TNB Research Sdn. Bhd., No.1, Lorong Ayer Hitam, Kawasan Institusi Penyelidikan, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia With the advent of latest technology has enabled disaster management related efforts to be more efficient and effective. Agent based modelling has been utilized in crowd management context especially related to simulation of evacuation passage during the outbreak of any untoward incidents. In dam safety assessment, the number of loss of life during the flood indicates the severity of the catastrophe. Therefore, it is important for any dam owners to estimate the required warning time to ensure minimization of fatalities in the event of a disaster. The objective of the research is to estimate the loss of life at the downstream area of the Sultan Abu Bakar Dam when Probable Maximum Flood (PMF) scenario occurs. The adopted model is known as Life Safety Model (LSM), which is an agent-based model that uses the concept of dynamic interaction between the 2d-hydraulic and the receptor. A case study has been conducted focusing the population of Bertam Valley in Cameron Highlands, Pahang, West Malaysia. The outcome of this modelling has indicated that successful evacuation depends on the response rate of the victims towards the given warning prior to the disaster. It is shown that the response time might affect the fate of people during the evacuation. The application of Life Safety Model in this simulation proves its capability in estimating the loss of life as a planning measure to face the actual events. 11 30 2019 6523 6528 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.D5168.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/D5168118419/ Institute of Energy Policy & Research (IEPRe), University Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. M F Chow* L. Ling Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering & Science, Civil Engineering Department, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Malaysia. W. L. Tan Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering & Science, Department of Mathematical and Actuarial Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Malaysia. V Arenanda Department of Civil Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000, Kajang, Selangor. K. A. A. Aziz TNB Energy Services Sdn Bhd, Level 3, Menara PKNS, Jalan Yong Shook Lin, 46050 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia. Y. M. Yusof New Energy Development, Energy Ventures, Tenaga Nasional Berhad, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Green roofs and solar photovoltaics are green technologies that developed to meet the sustainable and low carbon emission targets by the ways of effective stormwater management and renewable energy generation. Previous studies have proved that the cooling effects from the evapotranspiration process in green roofs can keep the photovoltaics (PV) near the best operational temperature, while PV panel can provide the shading benefit to the green roof’s vegetation. The paper aims to synthesize the influential factors, including solar PV and green roof designs on solar power output efficiency. This review identifies the research gaps in the previous studies of green roof integrated solar PV system and highlights the desirable characteristic for each component. This review also suggests a guideline to construct practical green roofs integrated solar PV system. 11 30 2019 6529 6533 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.D5169.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/D5169118419/ Institute of Informatics and Computing in Energy, Universiti Tenaga National, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. Hazleen Aris* I S Hussain Institute of Informatics and Computing in Energy, Universiti Tenaga National, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen Center for Energy Informatics, Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. The Malaysia electricity supply industry (MESI) has gone through a series of reforms and restructuring since it first started at the beginning of the last century. The latest series of reform, known as MESI 1.0 has been ongoing since 2010. The objectives are to achieve secure and reliable supply of energy, to have economically competitive tariffs, to be environmentally sustainable and to improve customer satisfaction/choice. MESI 1.0 is now coming to its end, and in a recent development, the government has announced the commencement of the next series of MESI reform, MESI 2.0. The objectives of MESI 2.0 are to increase the industry efficiency, to future proof the industry, structure, regulations and key processes, and to empower the consumers. MESI 2.0 is obviously the continuation of MESI 1.0. Thus, prior to the start of MESI 2.0, it is important to review the progress and achievements of MESI 1.0 in such a way that enables informed decisions to be made in designing MESI 2.0. This paper therefore presents a review on the progress and achievement of MESI 1.0, focusing on the initiatives undertaken and evaluating the extent to which the objectives of MESI 1.0 have been addressed by the initiatives. Analysis performed on the review results shows that the second objective of having competitive tariffs is mostly addressed by the initiatives whereas more work needs to be done to address the other objectives, particularly on being environmentally sustainable. Liberalization through the unbundling of MESI is also identified as the potential means to achieve the objectives of MESI 2.0. Findings from this study can serve as the reference point in identifying the current state of MESI reform and in determining the way forward for subsequent MESI reforms. 11 30 2019 6534 6541 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.D5170.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/D5170118419/ College of Graduate Studies, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. H Atikah* C S Tan Institute of Energy Policy and Research, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. With the high demand in electricity consumption nowadays, it is crucial for regulator and utilities to ensure sufficient energy supply to meet electricity demand. Electricity demand is influenced by several factors such as number of customers, customer behavior, working hours, weather condition and holidays. Integrating renewable energy technology as part of electricity generation for self consumption has indirectly provide an option to customer to reduce his electricity consumption from the grid and help to save his electricity bill. One of the simplest solutions to install renewable energy sources is by installing rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV). In this paper, the economic feasibility of installing solar PV is discussed based on commercial customer load profile. This paper also presents the suitable PV sizing based on the payback analysis based on customer load profile. A commercial customer in Petaling Jaya, Selangor is used as a case study for this analysis. This study indicates that customer will be able to reduce their electricity bill consumption with the integration of solar PV system on the rooftop of their building. Customer is able to save their monthly electricity up to 28% if a total solar PV capacity of 1256kW is installed. The payback from this study indicates the payback period is approximately around 9 years. 11 30 2019 6542 6546 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.D5172.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/D5172118419/ Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia. Sukono* Dwi Susanti Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia. Eman Lesmana Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia. Ghasani Sharfina Study Program of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia. Mustafa Mamat Faculty of Informatics and Computing, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia. Puspa Liza Ghazali Faculty of Economic and Management Science, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu. Malaysia. Mohamad Afendee Mohamed Faculty of Informatics and Computing, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia. Catastrophe Bonds (CAT bonds) or disaster bonds are securities products that work by transferring risk in the form of natural disaster losses to the capital market, so that it is necessary to estimate CAT bond prices. This study intends to discuss the model to determine the price of CAT bonds in arbitrage-free scope based on the approach of risk neutral measurement. The data used is extreme data in the form of losses due to natural disasters in the range of 2000-2019. There are several stages carried out in this study. The first step is to calculate descriptive data statistics. Then, estimating the data parameters using the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) method assuming the data distributed Generalized Extreme Value (GEV). Next, determine the price of CAT bond using the formula of risk neutral measurement. From the results of the analysis carried out, the CAT bond price is USD98.63, and there is the effect of risk neutral measurement on the price of CAT bonds paid by investors. 11 30 2019 11460 11463 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.B3001.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/B3001078219/ Mathematics, Northwest University, Kano, Nigeria. Usman Abbas Yakubu* Mustafa Mamat Faculty of Informatics and Computing, University Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. Abba Vulgue Mandara Department of Mathematic, University of Maiduguri, Borno, Nigeria. Abdul Iguda Mathematical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria. Salisu Murtala Department of Mathematics, Federal University Dutse, Jigawa, Nigeria. Mohamad Afendee Mohamed Faculty of Informatics and Computing, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia. Spectral conjugate gradient method has been used in most cases as an alternative to the conjugate gradient (CG) method in order to solve nonlinear unconstrained problems. In this paper, we introduced a spectral parameter of HS conjugate gradient method resultant from the classical CG search direction and used some of the standard test functions with numerous variables to prove its sufficient descent and global convergence properties, the numerical outcome is verified by exact line search procedures. 11 30 2019 11464 11467 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.B3003.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/B3003078219/ Faculty of Economics & Management Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia Siti Nadhirah Mohamad Fauzi* Puspa Liza Ghazali Faculty of Economics & Management Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia Hazimi Foziah Faculty of Economics & Management Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia Lazim Omar Faculty of Islamic Contemporary Studies, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia Mustafa Mamat Faculty of Informatic & Computing, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia Md Habibur Rahman Faculty of Economics & Management Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia Ahmad Shukri Yazid Faculty of Economics & Management Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia The demand for Islamic unit trust which is the alternative to the interest- based market become increasing day by day. This encourages the Malaysian government to take the various intervention and measures, so that interest free market which is Shariah Compliant can be introduced. The aim of this research is to construct a new formulation of Islamic unit trust for better incomes of Muslim customers’. The method of this researches to derivate a new model by using the new concept of dividend. In findings, the new model of formulation can be contrasted in Islamic unit trust. This new model is a suggestion for unit trust management to be applied in the future time. 11 30 2019 11468 11472 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.B3004.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/B3004078219/ Research Scholar Department of Computer Science and Engineering VTU RRC Belgaum Vidhya K* Dr. Mala C Patil Department Of Computer Science, University Of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot Dr. Siddanagouda S Patil Department Of Computer Science and Engineering, UAS GKVK, Bangluru Over last few decades, 3D reconstruction of medical images becomes advance technique in medical image processing. Reconstruction of 2D images of such data sets into 3D volumes, via registration of 2D sections had become a most interesting topic. In current years, MRI has been used for many medical analysis applications. The proposed system considered MRI images are taken from the same view, different times or acquired by different imaging modalities to increase the information. T1, T2 and PD MRI are taken as an input; T2 image is registered with a reference of T1 image using affine transformation, the registered T2 image is fused with T1 using DWT. The Fused T1T2 image is taken as reference image to register PD image using B-Spline transformation. DT-CWT technique is used to fuse the T1T2 image with registered PD image. The performance of the system shows that the proposed system gives more information by fusing T1T2PD images. 11 30 2019 10209 10218 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.B3490.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/B3490078219/ Department of Electronics and communication, SSIT Tumakuru, Karnataka, India. Shyla. M.K* Dr.K.B. Shivakumar Department of Tele-communication, SSIT Tumakuru, Karnataka, India. Dr.Rajendra kumar Das Principal, DRIEMS, Tangi, Cuuttok, Odisha, India In recent days, for sending secret messages, we require secure internet. Image steganography is considered as the eminent tool for data hiding which provides better security for the data transmitted over internet. In the proposed work, the payload data is embedded using improved LSB-mapping technique. In this approach, two bits from each pixel of carrier image are considered for mapping and addition. Two bits of payload data can be embedded in one cover image pixel hence enhanced the hiding capacity. A logical function on addition is applied on 1st and 2nd bits of cover image pixel, and a mapping table is constructed which gives solution for data hiding and extraction. Simple addition function on stego pixel is performed to extract payload data hence increases the recovery speed. Here the secret data is not directly embedded but instead mapped and added with a number using modulo-4 strategy. Hence the payload data hidden using proposed approach provide more security and it can resist against regular LSB decoding approaches. The proposed work is implemented and tested for several gray scale as well as color images and compared with respect to parameters like peak signal to noise ratio and MSE. The proposed technique gives better results when compared and histogram of cover and stego images are also compared. 11 30 2019 11473 11478 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.B3701.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/B3701078219/ Professo –Cum –Director Periyar Institute of Management Studies (PRIMS) Dr. V. R. Palanivelu* S. Narmada Ph.D.Research Scholar, Periyar Institute of Management Studies (PRIMS) Periyar University, Salem-636011, Tamil Nadu, India. Framing gatherings is normal among individuals who share something practically speaking. Individuals have constantly attempted to beat their troubles aggregately and observed to be fruitful in their endeavors. Self improvement Gathering is one such gathering that is gone for assisting the ladies people with facing their life challenges on the whole in the general public where they live in. Over the most recent three decades the Self Help Movements has mushroomed in India. The poor do have inborn limit in them to improve their living conditions. Smaller scale acknowledge is perceived as a viable device to move the poor into another space of monetary strengthening. Miniaturized scale credit will be credit reached out to the reduced for self-determining employment, money related administrations like reserve funds and limit working among ladies society. In the vast majority of the nations helpful developments were set up to stretch out money related administrations to its' individuals since long. 11 30 2019 12373 12376 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.C4772.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/C4772098319/ Department of Biomedical Engineering, LPU, Phagwara, Punjab, India Sudhakar Singh Masood Alam Department of Mathematics and IT, Centre for Prepatory Studies, Sultan Qaboos University, Shabana Urooj Department of Electrical Engineering, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, U.P., India Orthogonal moments (OMs) are amongst the superlative region centered shape descriptors. These OMs retain lowest facts redundancy. Zernike Moments (ZM) and pseudo Zernike Moments (PZM) are tested with respect to rotation invariance, and scale invariance for skin lesion images. Image reconstruction is executed for various orders of two different orthogonal moments; ZM and PZM. Reconstruction errors are also computed. This paper examines the impact of these errors on the features of OMs and executes a relative study of these errors on the precise calculation of the two major OMs: ZMs and PZMs. 11 30 2019 10910 10915 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.C4795.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/C4795098319/ Ibn Tofail Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Agro-physiology, Biotechnology, Environment and Quality, Kenitra, Morocco. Hamdan Abderrahim Chaouch Abdelaziz Ibn Tofail Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Agro-physiology, Biotechnology, Environment and Quality, Kenitra, Morocco. This study was conducted to characterize the quality of groundwater. It was done in a design office. In this context, an illustration of the groundwater quality of the kenitra salted flats region, which constitutes, by five layers, the maamoura sheet. We sampled 2 3 wells. These analyzes show that the temperature of these waters complies with the standards, the same for the potential of hydrogen against the level of chloride, total chlorine and free chlorine largely exceeds the Moroccan standards of drinking water. So we see that it is necessary to make treatments before using this water so as not to have consequences on their health, especially for children, who are more sensitiv . 11 30 2019 11134 11140 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.C4828.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/C4828098319/ Research Scholar, GITAM Institute of Management,GITAM Deemed To be UniversityVisakhapatnam Mrs. Manisha Pallavi Chauhan* Dr. S. S. Prasada Rao Ph.D.Professor of Management & Director – Centre for Learning and SustainabilityGITAM Deemed To be University, Visakhapatnam This paper projects a financial model involving key capital market financial variables such as FPI shareholding, Market Price, Earning Per Share (EPS), Price to Earnings Ratio (P/E Ratio), Book Value, Price to Book Value (P/B Ratio), Dividend Yield, Enterprise Value, Market Capitalisation, Beta, Net Profit and Operating Profit and determines the impact of these financial variables on the FPI shareholding of the Banks. The selected private banks include: Axis Bank Ltd., HDFC Bank Ltd., Kotak Mahindra Bank Ltd., Yes Bank Ltd. and ICICI Bank Ltd.The Study is based on 14 yearsQuarterly data from June 2005 to March 2019, obtained from secondary sources. The statistical tools used for the study are Analysis of Variance, Karl Pearson Coefficient of Correlation, Regression and Chi- Square Test for Goodness of Fit to test hypothesis of the study. The data was analysed using statistical packages for social sciences.Our study concludes that different financial variables impacted the FPI shareholding of each selected banks. It was also found that the model framed was a Good fit to the FPI shareholding of all the select banks.This model will help to estimate the future values of FPI shareholding of the selected banks provided the values of significant financial variable corresponding to the required period is known 11 30 2019 11368 11377 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.C5037.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/C5037098319/ Department of Statistics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India. V. Kaviyarasu* P. Sivakumar Department of Statistics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore Tamilnadu, India. This article explores the problem of investigate Single Sampling Plan (SSP) by attributes under Bayesian theory and illuminate its importance methodology in manufacturing industries. The modern technological advancements and well monitoring of the production process are facilitate to enhance the standard of product. In such situation products are not meeting the specified quality standards is a rare phenomenon. However, random fluctuations in producing processes might lead some merchandise to an imperfect quality. It has been assumed that the number of defects per unit of product follows a Zero Inflated Poisson distribution (ZIP) and the Gamma distribution is the conjugate prior to the average number of non-conformities per item. This article proposed a new sampling procedure as Bayesian Single Sampling plan (BSSP) using Gamma-Zero Inflated Poisson (G-ZIP) distribution. Necessary tables for the selection of optimal plan parameters and numerical illustrations were made for this sampling plan. Furthermore, the applicability and usefulness of the proposed Bayesian sampling plan under the G-ZIP model have been demonstrated by a few examples and comparisons were made with other sampling plans. 11 30 2019 10110 10119 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.C5136.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/C5136098319/ Electronics Department, J. C Bose University of Science & Technology, YMCA, Faridabad, India Nitin Sachdeva* Tarun Kumar Sachdeva Electronics Department, J. C Bose University of Science & Technology, YMCA, Faridabad, India Reducing the device dimensions leads to scaling of various parameters like junction depth, supply voltage and gate oxide thickness and results to the variation of threshold voltage. Threshold voltage variations can cause serious design problems. So threshold voltage can be adjusted by various ways which is the most important parameter of the MOSFET. This paper depicts the analytical modeling and simulation of Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET). The expression for potential at source and drain ends and threshold voltage has been derived and the theoretical values are compared with simulated values. From simulation results from SILVACO TAD tool, threshold voltage of 0.22V is achieved at a work-function of 4.12eV. 11 30 2019 12108 12111 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.C5320.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/C5320098319/ computer science, Collage Science for Women University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq. Ghaith Dehiaa Kahdum* SaharAdill Al-Bawee computer science, Collage Science for Women; University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq. Mahdi Nsaif Jasim department of Managementinformation systems, college of Business Informatics,university of information technology and communications,Baghdad, Iraq, Process of sending data through the Internet is vulnerable to tampering and theft, so protection has become a necessity. Many solutions have proposed to solve this problem in order to protect the sending data and conceal them in a way that cannot be penetrated or proven by nature. The paper proposes a method to hide data in a Deoxy ribonucleic acid (DNA) using Postfix conversion according to the embedded bits. The method has proved its security in concealing the information, not predicting its nature, and preserving the biological structure of the DNA sequence. 11 30 2019 12047 12051 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.C5321.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/C5321098319/ Department of Chemical Engineering, Covenant University, Ogun State, Nigeria. R. Obanla* Joseph D. Udonne Department of Chemical and Polymer Engineering, Lagos State University, Nigeria Farouk U. Mohammed Department of Chemical and Polymer Engineering, Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria, Benin City, Nigeria Olayinka O. Ajani Department of Chemical and Polymer Engineering, Lagos State University, Nigeria Augustine O. Ayeni Department of Chemical and Polymer Engineering, Lagos State University, Nigeria Rubber seed though not common known is very rich in its oil yield and over time its importance is becoming more prominent. Bleaching in the natural sense is relative to the removal of impurities from the oil or material. In this research work, Rubber seed oil was bleached using bentonite clay and Ibeshe clay at 0.5M, 1M and 2M concentrations of Hydrochloric acid. Physiochemical properties as well as spectroscopic analysis such as FT-IR and XRD analysis were carried out and aided in obtaining the bleaching efficiency of both clays. The FT-IR results displayed a visible change in the oil after it was bleached with Ibeshe clay but still retained most its functional group when bleached with bentonite clay. At 2M concentration of the acid, the oil bleached with bentonite showed 53% while with Ibeshe clay it remained at 16%. This summarizes that Ibeshe clay has little to no effect on bleaching performance. 11 30 2019 12274 12278 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.C5389.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/C5389098319/ Dept. of mechanical Engg., Jyothy Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka K V Muralidhar Sharma* Dr.S.G.Gopala Krishna Professor & Director, Nagarjuna Group of Institutions, Chickballapur Dr. N. Kapilan Professor and Head, Dept. of M.E., Nagarjuna College of Engg & Technology, Chickballapur Very few students accept that learning basic thermodynamics is really inspirational. Unfortunately the reality is exactly the other way. Even the students after certain years of learning and working experience accept this. Acceptance of the subject’s high difficulty level is also a widely acknowledged by the researchers across the globe. Researchers are continuously engaged in finding the root cause of the problem as well possible different solution. This paper is the part of an ongoing research work in designing a Learning system. As part of this work a number of day-to-day events which can be effectively utilized in driving home different thermodynamic concepts are identified. Two scenarios out of these shortlisted is dealt here, namely (1) A traveler scenario with an over pressurized car (2) A hot air blow scenario. These two Contexts have been illustrated to drive home the concepts of basic thermodynamics. A well-established CBL model is used for the experimentation purpose. First year engineering undergraduate students of VTU are selected for the quasi-experimental purpose. The experiment has proved that the context based learning has given an improvement in the learning gain. 11 30 2019 12052 12055 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.C6505.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/C5605098319/ PG Research scholar, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, JNTUA, Anantapur, AP, India B.Sai charan reddy* M.Ramasekhar Reddy Assistant Professor, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, JNTUA, Anantapur, AP, India . Wind farms can only operate and generate power under certain limit of wind speeds if the wind speed is observed beyond the limit then the operation of the wind farm reaches the cutoff region , so in order to operate the wind farm even under strong wind conditions which exceed the limit a control strategy is involved, due to the inability of the PI controller to operate under varying parameters the generated power is affected so in order to adapt a controller that can operate under varying real time parameters a ANFIS controller is adapted in this paper where generated power and d-q axis frame currents are analyzed for linearly rising wind conditions and typhoon landed conditions . 11 30 2019 11184 11189 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.C5658.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/C5658098319/ Ph.D Full –Time Scholar, Under RUSSA fellower 2.0, Alagappa Institute of Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi. Mrs. S. SONIYA* Dr. S. SUDHAMATHI Assistant Professor, Alagappa Institute of Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi Digital Marketing Plays An Important Role In Today’s Technology World To Purchase Of Products. Our World Becomes Digitalized With The Development Of Technology. Because Most Of The Consumers Are Using Smart Phones, With The Usage Of Smart Phone They Are Purchasing The Products Through Popular Websites Such As Amazon, Flipkart Etc. Female Entrepreneurs Are Women Who Arrange And Handle An Endeavor, Particularlya Industry.Women Entrepreneurs Are Now Selling The Products Through Online Websites And They Are Earning More Income Through Marketing The Fashion Products. Nowadays 58.5 Million Entrepreneurs In India, Nearly 14% Are Women. Indian Women Owned Business Provide Employment For 13.45 Million People About 1/3 Of Indian Women Entrepreneurs Work In The Fashion Sector, Followed By Manufacture And Retail Trade. The Researcher Has Used Non-Probability Sampling Method In That Convenience Sampling Method Was Used In The Study Area. The Researcher Has Selected 50 Women Entrepreneurs In Chennai City. The Tools Used For The Analysis Is Chi-Square, Anova And Percentage Analysis. Therefore, This Papermainly Focuses On Entrepreneur’s Opinion Towards Digital Marketing In Chennai City. 11 30 2019 11141 11146 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.C5663.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/C5663098319/ Pune Institute of Business Management (PIBM), Pune (Maharashtra), India. Raj Malhotra* Bhavyadeep Bhatia Pune Institute of Business Management (PIBM), Pune (Maharashtra), India. The Inclination of world towards Internet of Things (IOT) is the future of each biotic and abiotic things in world. As the IOT will transform into enormous networks of connected devices transmitting data of their functioning with the help of internet, artificial intelligence & data sensor to transform them into intelligent virtual objects. The aim of IOT is to provide more comfortable & efficient life the consumer, by gathering operational behaviour of an object to track down its effect. In sneak peak of this, present study portrays the future opportunity of IOT concept by systematic research paper of scholar & the five popular IOT devices launched in world and their functioning. 11 30 2019 12056 12059 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.C6055.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/C6055098319/ Prime College, Kathmandu, Nepal Bikram Acharya* Jongsu Lee Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea Birku Reta Entele Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia Public Private Partnership (PPP) is widely practiced in delivering public infrastructure. PPP utilizes private finance and management strengths. A number of countries worldwide have diverse demands. Political, institutional and macroeconomic conditions are involved in PPP in a wide range of public infrastructures and services. In diverse situations, countries worldwide are involved in a multiple number of PPP projects. With the proliferation of wide engagement in PPP, this paper examines how countries are attracting the private sector in the development of public infrastructure. The paper also determines what is engaged in PPP infrastructure using the multiple discrete-continuous extreme value (MDCEV) model. By examining the 4,423 projects from 86 developing countries, we found that countries are likely to be involved in telecommunication projects, followed by the energy and transportation and water projects. Water is one of the least preferred sectors among the four major infrastructure sectors provided by the PPI database of the World Bank. 11 30 2019 12060 12071 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.C6057.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/C6057098319/ Pune Institute of Business Management (PIBM), Pune (Maharashtra), India. Roswell Sumer* Raj Mishra Pune Institute of Business Management (PIBM), Pune (Maharashtra), India With the development of artificial intelligence which has been a great contribution to a great extent for operating the work without any difficulty. This creates great attention for many researchers and practitioners to implement artificial intelligence in the required fields of works.In this paper, we bring out the systematic review of the barricade of business when using artificial intelligence. It is acceptable that artificial intelligence can contribute to a large extent in making the business operations meeting the speed expected by the customer. Many businesses have extended their methods of operations in the market by bringing in artificial intelligence. In every business, there is always a mishappening which can hamper the function of the organization. Some of the mishaps will be discussed in this paper and also the findings and suggestions for these mishaps shall be discussed for future research(Burta, 2018)(Duan, Edwards, & Dwivedi, 2019). 11 30 2019 10478 10480 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.C6061.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/C6061098319/ Pune Institute of Business Management (PIBM), Pune (Maharashtra), India. Ayushi Maheshwari* This paper provides an explanation on how performance management system affects employee satisfactionand employee retention. The study here is done to explore relationships between them in Banking Industry. The responses taken showed direct and through relation among themselves including common dependence on some human resource management factors. Impact of Performance Management System on organizational behavior has been under investigation but there are some findings which say that Performance Appraisal plays crucial role on employee satisfaction, performance and retention. More the employee satisfaction level the more is the intention of employees to stay in organization. The responses gathered were 40 from different grades like MT(Management Trainee), AT(Apprentice Trainee), A1(Executive), A2(Senior Executive), A3(Assistant Manager), B1(Deputy Manager), B2(Manager), C1(Senior Manager), C2(Assistant Vice President), C3(Deputy Vice President), D1(Vice President), D2(Senior Vice President 1), D3(Senior Vice President 3), E1(Executive Vice President), E2(President), G(Group Head) and F(Executive President). It was found that R value of Employee Retention is 57.7% and the most contributing factor is Employee Satisfaction than Performance Management System. 11 30 2019 12071 12079 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.C6063.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/C6063098319/ Guru Nanak Institute of Management Studies, Guru Nanak Institute of Management Studies Ritu Tuli Sameer Salunkhe* Technology has changed the operating psychology of the businesses over the last couple of years. There is a growing need and demand to use Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Indian banking Sector is gradually shifting itself towards using AI. Banks are exploring and implementing technology in various ways. Artificial Intelligence is getting better and smarter day by day. The adoption of AI in banking has grown a lot than other sectors. This is happened because banking sector still has lot of human intervention in the operations. Indian banking sector is exploring the ways to enhance customer services with the help of Artificial Intelligence. This paper is about how Artificial Intelligence (AI) is used by Indian banks with reference to SBI and HDFC Bank to improvise customer services in future. 11 30 2019 12251 12260 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.C6065.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/C6065098319/ Tiruchirappalli Engineering College, Tiruchirappalli (Tamil Nadu), India. Dr. R. Latha* Dr. T. N. Prabakar Tiruchirappalli Engineering College, Tiruchirappalli (Tamil Nadu), India. A signcryption based security for localization using PSO-GD algorithm in WSN is proposed which combines particle swarm optimization (PSO) and gradient decent (GD) methods for secure localization. Initially, the beacon node signcrypt the message with the keys and broadcasted the information to the surrounding nodes so as to enable receiver to identify the sender. Then the received location information is unsigncrypted by each unknown sensor node and verified. If the unsignsryption is performed successfully, the unknown node accepts the message, otherwise discarded. From the location information gathered, the unknown node estimates its location coordinates through PSO-GD localization algorithm. 11 30 2019 10592 10596 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.C6098.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/C6098098319/ PhD Research Scholar, Dept. of Economics, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies, Chennai, India. R. Shakeela* Dr.s.n. Sugumar Dept. of Economics, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies, Chennai, India. Human health is a prime factor of a Country’s Economic development. Women play a vital role in preserving the Human health and wellbeing of the society. Healthy Women means Healthy World which represents the fact that women are the caretakers of family’s health. Healthy families lead to healthy society. Health of future generation depends on healthy mothers. Menstrual problems are the major issue among women, which has to be handled with utmost priority. Most of the women are suffering from menstrual problems. Every woman in her life time, from menarche to menopause faces at least one or more of menstrual problems. It disturbs day to day life of women. Life style and behavior will be changed as soon as a girl attained puberty. After puberty the girl will experience Physical, Psychological and Emotional challenges in her life. Age at puberty is a turning point in her life and it makes her to have change in her interpersonal relations especially with her friends and counterpart. 11 30 2019 10916 10918 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.C6180.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/C6180098319/ Assistant Professor, Pg And Research Department Of Computer Science And Applications, Vivekanandha College Of Arts And Sciences For Women(Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu. V.P. Muthukumar* Dr. S. Subbaiah Assistant Professor, Sri Krishna Artsand Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. It focused on the degree and longitude of a geographic picture taken from the satellite in horticulture. This is gotten by applying data mining strategies that get off the embedding to perceive the quality behind the field of Agri. Data mining is a method of isolating the required data from plenty of datasets. It applies in different areas like research and science applications. The image gathering from the satellite-reliant on the point of longitude which contains compared incorporate decision, subjective subset gets together with pre-preparing, plan, Zero R, batching, 10 cross-endorsements, and portrayal. The pre-dealing with procedure expels plenitude information from the given approaches of information with the supports of K-means. The pre-dealing with method expels excess information from the given approaches of information. The insignificant data from the given volume is cleaned; it moves to change the data into a fathomable game plan. Next, it bundles the data according to their similarity between them reliant on it's a mean deviation. Hence, the objective has manipulated by Zero R, to perceive the inadequate framework on the photos regarding the land area taken from the satellite. The information dealing with the approach is done by the CFS system sought after by the 10 cross-endorsements. The result focused on the accuracy of an image and the degree and longitude. The perfect result is given by this technique with the strangest measure of precision extent. 11 30 2019 10597 10601 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.C6243.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/C6243098319/ Associate Professor & Head, Department of Accounting & Finance , M.O.P Vaishnav College for Women, No. 20, 4th lane Nungambakkam high road, Nungambakkam Chennai Dr. Srividya Prathiba C.S* Background and Objectives:Technology today plays a major role in devising a creative business idea and implementing the same. The process of translating an idea into business depends on the individual who is able to harness his individual potential and self-motivation to bring about a business venture. This paper aims at devising a structural equation model on the individual factors and motivational factors which can bring about a technological business venture. Methods: A conceptual framework has been prepared and tested with a structural equation model. The study was conducted with primary data collected from 100 techno entrepreneurs in the city of Chennai and Bangalore using a structured questionnaire. Results: Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling has been used to identify the various motivational and individual factors that facilitateindividuals becoming entrepreneurs taking up businesses which use technology for its growth. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesis. Conclusions:The findings highlight the individual and motivational the factors create a spur that sets a tone to play a vital role in establishing a enterprise that is technology driven. 11 30 2019 12279 12286 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrteC6465.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/C6465098319/ Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Dayanand Sagar Univesity, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. Dr.S.K. Mouleeswaran* Dr.M.S. Nidhya Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science, School of Computing Sciences, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Chennai, India Dr.G.G. Gokilam Researcher, Department of CSE,Ponnaiyah Ramajayam Institute of science and Technology,Thanjavur,Tamil Nadu India A node in a Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) can spend its energy by sending a packet to next node and receiving a packet from other node. A node is having a more number of neighbours. It can lose its energy very quickly when compared with less number of neighbouring nodes. That is intermediate node will always be a transceiver. Most of the time, nodes in the environment spend its energy for sending a repeated data or information. For ex: If any event occurred, single event information is passed to the sink node multiple times. Due to this repeated message, a node lost its energy by sending and receiving the packet to other node. In this paper we proposed an Energy Consumption (ECON) model that will filter the repeated message and it can save the energy of a node. This model will work efficiently in clustered network. Because of this model, the total network lifetime is also increased. 11 30 2019 11696 11698 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.C6478.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/C6478098319/ PhD Scholar, Amity School of Engineering and Technology, Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon, India. Sonal Dahiya* Dr. Sunita Kumavat Assistant Professor, Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon, India. Dr. Priti Singh Former Director, Amity School of Engineering and Technology, Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon, India. Dr. Karamjit Kaur Sekhon Associate Professor, Amity School of Engineering and Technology, Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon, India. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have numerous applications in the field of engineering. These networks have variety of design constraints and energy is most important one. As energy harvesting is not possible in most of the cases, energy conservation is the only option available to the researchers. Energy efficient communication is the key to energy conservation as most of the energy is spent in transfer of data from one node to another. This article is devoted to development of energy efficient communication system design process model based on Petri Net for Wireless Sensor Networks. This model not only facilitates to examine the dynamicity in design process but also evaluates the design process for any deadlock conditions. Based on this model, radiating element array for communication in sensor networks can be designed and developed and therefore can be used to improve the overall energy efficiency of the network. 11 30 2019 10124 10128 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.D4202.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/D4202118419/ Research Scholar, Gitam (Deemed To Be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India Prasad I.L.N* Balaji K.V.G.D Professor Of Civil Engineering, Gitam(Deemed To Be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. Chitti Babu Kapuganti Assistant Professor, School Of Architecture, Gitam University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. T. Santhosh Kumar Assistant Professor, School Of Architecture, Gitam University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. Genesis of risk and uncertainty is an innate facet in any project. A cause, occurrence and consequence are the signature- hallmarks of every risk. Dodging and dealing with plausible critical situations in complex projects demand strategic quantification and management of uncertainties of different nature much in advance. In this milieu, we propose a methodology to classify uncertainties based on the dictates of probability theory, possibility theory, belief/plausibility theory and fuzzy set theory. A general framework of risk and uncertainty management is forwarded. Our recommendation embraces: (1) identification, assessment, analysis and distribution of all possible risk and uncertainty amongst the parties involved or those who might get associated in accordance to their capacity, competency and characteristics; (2) allocation and distribution (governed by the terms and conditions of the contracts) of the various risks and uncertainties to those, capable of handling them better and (3) monitoring, scrutiny, response and mitigation by those assigned according to the contractual-conditions. It is expected that the proposed model shall serve as a ready-to-use template for project valuation to effectively address plausible risks and uncertainties in construction-industries, eventually contributing to the cause of sustainable development. 11 30 2019 10129 10133 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.D4212.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/D4212118419/ Faculty of Sports Science and Coaching, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Perak, Malaysia. Siti Musliha Mat-Rasid* Mohamad Razali Abdullah Faculty of Applied Social Science, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia. Hafizan Juahir East Coast Environmental Research Institute, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia. Mohd Izwan Shahril Faculty of Sports Science and Coaching, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Perak, Malaysia. Gunathevan Elumalai Faculty of Sports Science and Coaching, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Perak, Malaysia. Mohd Khairi Zawi Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia. Sukono Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia. Biasness selection during talent identification program in sports may occurred due to the chronological age system applied nowadays. The aim of this study is to recognize pattern on anthropometric and fitness components relative birth-month quartiles among studied population. A total of 39372 boys (aged 7.36 ± 0.29 year) and 33723 girls aged (7.34 ± 0.29 year) were classified into four chronological birth-month groups which is first quartile (Q1 - Jan to March), second quartile (Q2-Apr to June), third quartile (Q3 - July to Sept) and fourth quartile (Q4 - Oct to Dec) involved in this study. Multiple analysis of variance (MANOVA) revealed significant difference of F(18, 111336), p < 0.0001, p < 0.05 and F (18, 95358), p-value < 0.0001, alpha=0.05 between four birth-month quartiles for boy and girl participants, respectively. Tukey (HSD) follow up test of analysis of variance revealed that studied population are significantly difference in body weight, standing height, explosive leg power, hand-eye coordination and speed for all the contrast with p-value < 0.0001, alpha=0.05. However, result found no significant different for flexibility within all the contrast for boys and girls. Present study also revelaed a stronger influence of RAE among boys as compared to girls. The information of evidence-based of anthropometric and fitness performance according birth-month quartile would able to reduce RAE that may cause bias and subjective decision making for talent identification in sports. 11 30 2019 10602 10605 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.D4216.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/D4216118419/ Department of Mechanical Engineering,, Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, Nuzvid, Andhra Pradesh, India. Mr Potli Aswarthanarayana* Dr Shaik Ahammad Basha Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, Nuzvid, Andhra Pradesh, India. Luggage is an intrinsic part of travelling. If it is heavy, carrying luggage is a difficult task for anyone. There are many inventions made to resolve this issue. People use various trolley bags to carry luggage. But the price of trolley bags are little higher and cannot be afford by everyone. A portable luggage cart is the best solution to this problem. It is simple and can carry up to 150 kg. It is designed in such a manner that it can be placed in a bag. When it is unfolded the size becomes double. The present work concentrates on design of portable luggage cart and fabrication of the same. Four caster wheels are provided to increase the stability of cart. The cart is designed in CATIA and later equivalent stress and total deformation of design are calculated by using ANSYS. A prototype of the design was produced by using additive manufacturing technique. A STRATASYS 3D printer [FDM (Fusion Deposition Modeling) based)] is used to prepare prototype. Aluminum bars are used to prepare actual cart due to its low density. The final cart is fabricated by using basic mechanical operations like cutting, slotting, fitting and broaching. These carts will reduce the congestion in railway stations and bus stations by increasing the speed of movement of passengers. 11 30 2019 10607 10610 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.D4219.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/D4219118419/ Petroleum Refinery and Petrochemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Enhanced Oil Recovery Laboratory, Suez University, Suez, Egypt: Rehab. Rehab M. El-Maghraby* Aly A. Salah Gulf of Suez Petroleum Company (GUPCO), Cairo, Abeer M. Shoaib Petroleum Refinery and Petrochemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Suez University, Suez, The effect of adding Piperazine to di-glycol amine (DGA) to reduce the CO2 content in natural gas from 10% to 1% by mole was studied. Aspen HYSYS was used to simulate the process. Different concentrations of DGA (45, 50 and 55%) and Piperazine (3, 5, 7, 9 and 11%) were investigated. The effect of circulation rates variation from 1000 kgmol/hr. to 5000 kgmol/hr. were examined. Moreover, temperature ranges from 38 oC to 80 oC and pressure ranges from 45 kg/cm2 to 80 kg/cm2 were studied for 55% DGA without and with the addition of Piperazine. It was found that adding 9% Piperazine to 55% DGA achieved the best absorption efficiency. By using Piperazine, the circulation rate required to reach the 1% CO2 level was reduced to 3250 kgmol/hr. The amount of captured CO2 was found to increase with the decrease in the lean gas temperature and the increase in absorber pressure. 01 30 2019 11378 11383 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.D4221.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/D4221118419/ Assistant Professor, ECE department, Kongu Engineering college, Erode, Tamilnadu, India. A. Chandrasekaran* Quantum dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is the alternative technology to the classic CMOS technology since it is going to attain a road block in reducing power consumption and increase speed of the digital circuits. Circuit switching network is the basic component in order to transmit input signal among the different users within the communication network. A novel crossbar switch is proposed in this paper to design this communication network. The basic building blocks of the proposed circuit Switching network are Crossbar switch, Multiplexer and Demultiplexer. Multilayer QCA cells are almost impossible when compared to the fabrication feasibility of the single layer design. So this design is achieved in single layer.Circuit switching network is designed and compared with existing one using QCA Designer2.0.3.The designs are verified through matching up with truth tables. 11 30 2019 10611 10619 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.D4227.118419 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/D4227118419/