-4d90550d17f4602e089-36b6 20220430045235234 beie:beie director@blueeyesintelligence.org WEB-FORM International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) IJRTE 22773878 10.35940/ijrte.2277-3878 https://www.ijrte.org/ 05 30 2022 11 1 Research Scholar, Sri Vijay Vidyalaya College of Arts & Science, Dharmapuri (Tamil Nadu), India. K. Vimala Dr. D. Maruthanayagam Professor & Head, PG and Research, Department of Computer Science, Sri Vijay Vidyalaya College of Arts & Science, Dharmapuri (Tamil Nadu), India. Mobile Ad hoc Network is a self-organizing, infrastructure-free, distributed wireless networks made up of various mobile devices. Quality-of-Service routing is most difficult task in MANET due to inherent characteristics–for example frequent dynamic topology, node mobility, resource scarcity, absence of centralized control, etc as well. The QoS variables of any MANET routing algorithms determine its performance. QoS routing is process of routing packets from source (S) to destination (D) based on QoS resource constraints such as bandwidth, delay, packet loss rate, cost, security, link stability, and so on. Swarm intelligence, which mimics the collective behaviour of biological organisms to handle routing problems and improve QoS in the network, has been one of most popular studies for network routing in recent years. Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (PSO), Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Ant Colony Optimization algorithm (ACO) have all been shown to be effective for developing routing algorithms by improving QoS metrics in ad hoc networks using Swarm Intelligence (SI). The primary objective of this comparative study paper is to improve QoS parameters by applying swarm intelligence to MANET routing algorithms. Swarm intelligence-based routing algorithms will be more promising for the specific nature of adhoc networks, outperforming in real scenarios/constraints/environmental conditions and will be tuned and simulated to obtain an efficient and effective MANET routing protocol. This paper investigates four potential pre-existing approaches proposed for MANET routing problems. These routing algorithms are evaluated using various performance metrics such as packet delivery ratio, routing overhead, link failure prevention, energy consumption, accuracy, and throughput, among others. 05 30 2022 108 115 CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.A6949.0511122 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/a69490511122/ Department of Electrical Engineering, Mid Kent College – Chatham – England. Dr. Emad Al-Mahdawi In practice, energy management encompasses several activities that give objective data on the principal users of fuel and energy, the energy efficiency of various developments and certain types of products, and energy conservation reserves. This research investigates the benefits and stages of EMS that must be adopted in Iraq. The work considers the significance of using EMS technology at Baghdad International Airport. Airport infrastructure necessitates much energy due to its vast size and particular design. Annually, the airport consumes nearly 9.2M KWh, costing 1.2 billion Iraqi Dinars/KWh. As Iraq's current energy crisis is massive, the energy audit will show an accurate picture of the energy consumption. EMS aims to increase the organisation's stability (including financial) and improve its competitive position by reducing costs and increasing management efficiency. The work has accomplished that Iraqi companies need a modern management strategy-energy consumption management. Traditional heads of departments must be updated to be active in fixing the organisation's energy issues. The EMS technology can identify conflicts and re-document structures. The technique also enables addressing any safety issues in the design phase. Therefore, this paper contributes to enhancing and developing the traditional Energy Management System in Iraq. 05 30 2022 103 107 CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.A6955.0511122 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/a69550511122/ Assistant Professor, Department of Data Struc-tures and Algorithms, Pimpri Chinchwad College of Engineering, Pune (Maharashtra), India. Dr. Jyoti S. Kulkarni Sensors used in image acquisition. This sensor technology is going on upgrading as per user need or as per need of an application. Multiple sensors collect the information of their respective wavelength band. But one sensor is not sufficient to acquire the complete information of one scene. To gain the overall data of one part, it becomes essential to cartel the images from multiple sources. This is achieved through merging. It is the method of merging the data from dissimilar input sources to create a more informative image compared with an image from a single input source. These are multisensor photos e.g. panchromatic and multispectral images. The first image offers spatial records whereas the lateral image offers spectral data. Through visible inspections, the panchromatic photo is clearer than a multispectral photo however the grey shade image is. Articles are greater clear however now not recognized whereas multispectral picture displays one of a kind shades however performing distortion. So comparing the characteristics of these two images, the resultant image is greater explanatory than these enter images. Fusion is done using different transform methods as well as the genetic algorithm. Comparing the results obtained by these methods, the output image by the genetic algorithm is clearer. The feature of the resultant image is verified through parameters such as root mean square error, peak signal to noise ratio, mutual information, and spatial frequency. In the subjective analysis, some transform techniques also giving exact fused images. The hybrid approach combines the transform technique and a genetic algorithm is used for image fusion. This is again compared with genetic algorithm results. The same performance parameters are used. And it is observed that the hybrid genetic algorithm is superior to the genetic algorithm. Here the only root means square error parameter is considered under the fitness function of the genetic algorithm so only this parameter is far better than the remaining parameters. If we consider all parameters in the fitness function of the genetic algorithm then all parameters using a hybrid genetic algorithm will give better performance. This method is called a hybrid multiobjective genetic algorithm. 05 30 2022 123 128 CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.A6957.0511122 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/a69570511122/ Research Scholar, Department of English, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil, Thuckalay (Tamil Nadu), India. V. J. Vinita Dr. M. Ilankumaran Principal, Geetha Jeevan Arts and Science College, Thoothukudi, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli (Tamil Nadu), India. Teaching English as a second language expedites the probability of teaching English language in the utmost trying situations. The process of language instruction of English, as a second language. is a highly demanding skill. A number of challenges arise during the process as second language learners have fewer linguistic resources in the language of instruction. Content-Based Instruction lays a stress-free interactive platform for English language learners. Scaffolding students' learning is a possible way to overcome certain tasks that learners come across. Content-Based Instruction oriented teachers hold key responsibility for the implementation of language learning in a classroom condition. The English language is used as an instructional language not only to teach English language lessons in classrooms but also functional in delivering other subjects. The article deals with the English language learning principle through Content-Based Instruction along with the collaboration of scaffolding. The goal of the study mainly rests on the factors responsible for the successful implementation, the strategies, the prospect, and the advantages of language learning through the approach. Content-Based Instructors function as scaffolds offering support to the students to create more specific learning activities. Using scaffolding, Content-Based Instruction can approach the English language learners to promote themselves from what they are capable of doing at present to what they will be able to do later. Scaffolding is a promising teaching technique. It is an interaction promoting tool that promises to enhance speaking skills in second language learning English students. This paper intends to prove the usability features of scaffolding teaching technique in Content-Based Instruction promoting English language teaching, the characteristics and critical features of scaffolded Instruction, methods of instructional scaffolding, and the challenges and benefits of instructional scaffolding. The article ponders upon the importance of time and the preparation of the course of study undertaken by this technique and throws light on how the language facilitators face the challenges like the choice of the topic till the content reaches the language learner and is expected to go an extra mile in imparting the English language learners. 05 30 2022 116 121 CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.A6962.0511122 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/a69620511122/