19c96fd517d854497e8-2296 20220217072458405 beie:beie director@blueeyesintelligence.org WEB-FORM International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) IJRTE 22773878 10.35940/ijrte.2277-3878 https://www.ijrte.org/ 03 30 2022 10 6 Bridges Department, MMSB Consult Sdn Bhd, Chennai, India. Tamilselvan M Koventhan V Bridges Department, MMSB Consult Sdn Bhd, Chennai, India. Sajal Nandy Bridges Department, MMSB Consult Sdn Bhd, Chennai, India. Long welded rails (LWR) are preferred in metro rail systems because they provide a smooth ride. They are extremely sturdy, require less maintenance and safe to travel at higher speeds. Rail structure interaction (RSI), especially additional longitudinal stresses in rail, is the major concern in the LWR. UIC standards provide the limitations of additional rail in longitudinal stresses. This paper studies the characteristics of additional forces in long welded rail used in one of the Metro Railway systems in India. The LWR is placed on five spans with integral intermediate piers of balanced cantilever superstructure (BCM). A nonlinear finite element analysis is performed using the analytical tool MIDAS CIVIL 2021 to study the interaction mechanism. For this study, rail and deck (unballasted) are linked with a multilinear elastic spring, as recommended in UIC 774-3R. The study was conducted in accordance with the International Union of Railways and Indian standards. This paper shows a comparison of the rail stresses along the rail due to combined thermal and live loading for both balanced cantilever span and conventional simply supported spans. The results show that rail stresses have significant variation due to bearing articulation, adjacent spans and integral BCM system. 03 30 2022 21 27 CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.F6786.0310622 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/f67860310622/ Department of Mining Machinery Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, India. Pradeep Kewat Alok Kumar Mukhopadhyay Department of Mining Machinery Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, India. Subrata Kumar Ghosh Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, India. The quality of lubricant oil plays a central role in the performance of machineries. Aggressive working environment of industry, particularly in mining industry, remains a dominant point in faster rate of degradation. The colossal consumption of oil is a factor to an inflated maintenance cost which can be averted by optimizing the lubricant oil consumption using scientific and methodical approaches. At present the schedule drain-off interval is accomplished at a regular interval of operation hour recommended by manufacturers. This is a conservative approach and results in loss of useful life. This work aims to determine the Remaining Service life (RSL) of the engine oil in Excavators. The oil properties are measured at regular intervals. Kinematic Viscosity, Viscosity Index (VI), Total Acid Number (TAN) and Total Base Number (TBN) are measured. The measured values suggest the degradation level of oil before filling fresh oil. The remaining service life (RSL) is determined by juxtaposing Parameter Profile Approach (PPA), Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Vector Projection Approach (VPA). The approach will be a precursor to the excavator maintenance personnel to drain-off the oil at right time despite of manufacturer’s recommendation. 03 30 2022 28 37 CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.F6814.0310622 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/f68140310622/ Maharishi School of Engineering & Technology, Maharishi University of Information Technology, Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh), India. Prabhash Chandra Katiyar Bhanu Pratap Singh Maharishi School of Engineering & Technology, Maharishi University of Information Technology, Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh), India. Munish Chhabra Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mordabad Institute of Technology, Moradabad (Uttar Pradesh), India. Dattatraya Parle Nuclear Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre, The University of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom – S605WG. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is one of the most commonly used 3D printing technologies for creating complex parts from a Computer Aided Design (CAD) model. It is observed that mechanical strength of 3D printed polylactic acid (PLA) parts are affected by various parameters associated with part, process, material and operating conditions. One of the key parameters that influences tensile and flexural strength of 3D printed PLA parts is build orientation. Researchers have investigated the effect of a limited number of build orientations on tensile strength. Moreover, less work has been reported which studies the effect of build orientation on flexural strength. None of the studies modeled tensile load and bending load as a function of thickness and compared tensile loading capacity with flexural loading for different orientations. Therefore, an attempt is made to include a greater number of build orientations that occur during 3D printing of complex PLA parts. Build orientations considered in this study are flat, flat-support, edge, edge-45, upright and upright-45 with three thicknesses i.e., 1.2 mm, 2.0 mm and 2.8 mm. Tensile and flexural tests are performed as per American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. Experimental results show that six orientations form two groups i.e., strong orientation group and weak orientation group. PLA appears stronger in tensile loading than bending. Edge orientation is strongest during tensile as well as bending loading whereas upright orientation is weakest in tensile loading and upright-45 orientation is weakest in bending. Force trends, it can be concluded that thickness can be minimized where build orientation belongs to the strong orientation group. Similarly, thickness can be increased where build orientation belongs to the weak orientation group. 03 30 2022 38 52 CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijrte.org true 10.35940/ijrte.F6821.0310622 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/f68210310622/