The Fourth Industrial Revolution and Beyond
Shawqi Al Dallal
Prof. Shawqi Al Dallal, Bahraini National Obtained BSc, Department of Electrical Engineering, Baghdad University.
Manuscript received on 16 June 2019 | Revised Manuscript received on 11 July 2019 | Manuscript Published on 17 July 2019 | PP: 564-570 | Volume-8 Issue-1C2 May 2019 | Retrieval Number: A10920581C219/2019©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Abstract: The Fourth Industrial Revolution lies at the heart of major technological advancements we have been witnessing since the inception of the Twenty First Century. Successive industrial revolutions have been built upon well-established scientific theories that open new horizons for numerous potential applications. In human history, translating theoretical scientific ideas or research work into reality always presents a tremendous challenge to the industrial world. Examining the road to development of new technologies provides the humanity with a deeper insight in the working of science. It was found that scientific theories have to wait decades or more until they are translated to practical technologies. This has been the case, for example, of the quantum theory which was introduced in 1900 and developed in the 1920s before becoming the main driver of the third, fourth and possibly the fifth industrial revolution. The motivation of this paper is to highlight the scientific theories that form the cornerstone of the past industrial revolutions with a view to project their impact on the Fourth Industrial revolution and beyond. This paper focuses on the implications of scientific theories, particularly quantum theory, general relativity, and superstring theory, on current and future industrial revolutions. Towards this end, we explore the drivers of previous industrial revolutions and then we analyze the progress of science in various fields as applied to the emergence of new technologies that shape the future of humanity.
Keywords: Industrial Revolutions, Technological Development, Scientific Theories, Human Sustainability.
Scope of the Article: Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)