Estimating the TNM Status for Squamous Cell Carcinomas Fusing Ordered Logistic Regression: A Seven Year Retrospective Case Study
Wan Muhamad Amir W Ahmad1, Tang Liszen2, Mohamad Arif Awang Nawi3, Muhammad Azeem Yaqoob4, Najwa Solehah Shamsul Bahrin5, Nor Azlida Aleng6
1Wan Muhamad Amir W Ahmad, School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 16150 Kubang Kerian, Malaysia.
2Tang Liszen, School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 16150 Kubang Kerian, Malaysia.
3Mohamad Arif Awang Nawi, School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 16150 Kubang Kerian, Malaysia.
4Muhammad Azeem Yaqoob, School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 16150 Kubang Kerian, Malaysia.
5Najwa Solehah Shamsul Bahrin, School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 16150 Kubang Kerian, Malaysia.
6Nor Azlida Aleng School of Informatics and Applied Mathematics, University Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), Terengganu, Malaysia.
Manuscript received on 01 April 2019 | Revised Manuscript received on 06 May 2019 | Manuscript published on 30 May 2019 | PP: 813-816 | Volume-8 Issue-1, May 2019 | Retrieval Number: F2446037619/19©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Abstract: Nowadays, many researchers discussed the importance of statistical analysis which was implemented in many areas of research which includes science and non-science field. For example, in medical or dental science research, there are many statistical tools had been used especially for the modeling and estimating purpose. One of the statistical tools which focus on the ordinal outcome is ordinal regression or ordered logistic regression. Generally, this study mainly focuses on ordinal logistics regression modeling. Through this ordered logistic regression we can estimate the TNM staging for those patients who attended Hospital University Sains Malaysia (USM) from 2011 to 2017 (based on secondary data). Besides that, the ordinal regression model also can be used as a tool for factor determination (having an association toward TNM staging) for an ordinal outcome. Through this study, we also address issues such as the global concept and interpretation of the ordinal logistic regression model. The significant result from this finding (output based) can be used to educate public people or stakeholder of how important this factor toward patients management.
Index Terms: TNM Staging, Ordinal Regression, Maximum Likelihood Estimation, Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas.
Scope of the Article: Regression and Prediction