Relocating the Roots of Marxism in the Call of the Wild and the Iron Heels of Jack London
Neetu Sharma1, Shivani Thakur2
1Sharma, Ph.D Researcher, Lovely Professional University, (Punjab), India.
2Dr. Shivani Thakur, Assistant Professor, Lovely Professional University, (Punjab), India.
Manuscript received on 03 May 2019 | Revised Manuscript received on 15 May 2019 | Manuscript Published on 23 May 2019 | PP: 318-321 | Volume-7 Issue-6S5 April 2019 | Retrieval Number: F10520476S519/2019©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Abstract: Bernard Shaw and George Orwell are famous for their socialistic vision who had talent to depict a society torn between capitalism and socialism in their works. Thy indicted the capitalistic trend of the British society. In this reseach paper the the socialistic journey of Jack London is traced who explored the tension between the growing capitalism and Marxian socialism relying on the theories of Karl Marx and Michael Foucault. The entrepreneurs of America controlled the means of production and their main motive was to make more profit and accumulate wealth. Georg Lukács developed an ideology and refers to as the base and superstructure. In the words of Bressler (2011) Lukács believes that “the superstructure reflects the economic base, Italian Antonio Gramsci declares that a complex relationship exists between the base and the superstructure which he calls hegemony” (Bressler172).The capital system of America blessed them with political and economic power and bankers, landowners sequesters the proletariats. The greed and money mania brought about human degradation in American society Marxist theory of Economic Determinism is very popular as the theory brought revolution in Russia and Europe. Marx revolutionized the European philosophical thoughts by his ideas of economic determinism. He contends that the basic structure of society is structured around the means of production. When Jack London started writing America was in the height of industrialization and the growth of capitalism was at its peak. The technological innovations and improvements revolutionized the social life of America; the cotton fields, the plantations employed millions of middle class workers. Financial institutions such as banks, insurance companies and other money lending agencies flourished empowering the business tycoons. The railroad and the other construction companies employed million of workers who suffered all forms of oppression and exploitation. In the early years of his life Jack London was a revolutionary. He felt the hunger pangs of the workers of the jute mills and other industrial places. He had closely observed the frustration of the under-privileged people. He became a radical thinker; writer and clamored the doctrine of class struggle.
Keywords: Capitalism, Socialism, Degradation, Accumulate, Revolution, Exploitation Repression.
Scope of the Article: Social Sciences