Reference Evapotranspiration Assessment Techniques for Estimating Crop Water Requirement
N. Seenu1, R M Kuppan Chetty2, Taarun Srinivas3, K M Adithya Krishna4, Ashish Selokar5
1N. Seenu*, Centre for Automation and Robotics, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Chennai, India.
2Dr. R M Kuppan Chetty, Centre for Automation and Robotics, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Chennai, India.
3Taarun Srinivas, B. tech Mechatronics, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Chennai, India.
4K M Adithya Krishna, B. tech Mechatronics, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Chennai, India.
5Dr. Ashish Selokar, Accendere, CL Educate India Ltd., New Delhi, India.
Manuscript received on November 15, 2019. | Revised Manuscript received on November 23, 2019. | Manuscript published on November 30, 2019. | PP: 1094-1100 | Volume-8 Issue-4, November 2019. | Retrieval Number: D6738118419/2019©BEIESP | DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.D6738.118419
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Abstract: Water scarcity is a serious issue that has to be addressed in order to face the increasing water demands. Due to this issue, agricultural crops do not receive the required amount of water. So, it is necessary to have a proper technique to determine the water requirement for a particular crop. Evapotranspiration (ET), a process which is reliant on numerous climatic conditions, quantifies the loss of water from soil and crops through evaporation and transpiration processes respectively. Reference evapotranspiration ET is a concept of estimating ET from the reference surface which resembles an in-depth surface of green grass of stable height, actively growing, fully shading the surface with sufficient water. The amount of water required for a crop is thus determined by multiplying ETo with the crop coefficient (Kc) which depends on the growth stages and duration of a crop. So, evapotranspiration is considered to be one of the successful approaches to optimize the usage of water for crops. A literature survey is carried out on the popular methods of estimating ETo and their merits, demerits are discussed in this paper. Also, the impact of various climatic factors on ETo is presented. From the survey, it is known that ETo is estimated using conventional and non-conventional methods like Penman-Monteith, Blaney-Criddle, Hargreaves, ANN and WNN, regression and fuzzy logic. Humidity, temperature, wind speed, and solar radiation are the factors that have a major impact on estimating ETo. Generally, conventional methods are tedious since it requires experimental setups and more climatic data to determine ETo which are not available in many under developing countries. Thus, in this case, non-conventional methods are found to yield better results from the survey.
Keywords: Artificial Neural Networks, Conventional, Non- Conventional, Penman-Monteith, Reference Evapotranspiration, Regression.
Scope of the Article: Neural Information Processing.