Assessment of Minerals in Phoenix Dactylifera L. as Determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry using ANOVA and PCA
Khalilah Badarusham1, Nurul Elma Sabri2, Shamala Salvamani3, Mohd Sukri Hassan4, Zaiton Hassan5, Roshada Hashim6
1Khalilah Badarusham, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
2Nurul Elma Sabri, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
3Shamala Salvamani, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
4Mohd Shukri Hassan, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
5Zaiton Hassan, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
6Roshada Hashim, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
Manuscript received on 17 July 2019 | Revised Manuscript received on 02 August 2019 | Manuscript Published on 10 August 2019 | PP: 336-344 | Volume-8 Issue-2S3 July 2019 | Retrieval Number: B10580782S319/2019©BEIESP | DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.B1058.0782S319
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Abstract: Dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of mankind’s oldest cultivated plants. It is known to be the most important fruit tree particularly in the Middle Eastern and Asian countries due to its natural sources of nutrition. The element composition of 10 commercially available dates and its pit samples purchased from local market were determined and evaluated using multivariate analysis technique. Samples were digested using nitric acid and hydrochloric acid and analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Potassium, magnesium, calcium and sodium were found to be the major elements in both flesh and pit samples. Comparison between minor elements in both samples showed that the flesh samples contained higher levels of aluminium, barium and selenium while other minor elements were higher in the pit samples. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were performed on multivariate dataset of the flesh and the pit samples separately to observe the relationship between samples.
Keywords: ANOVA, Date Fruit, Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES), Mineral Elements, Principal Components Analysis (PCA).
Scope of the Article: Optical Oscillator